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PTRS 852 - Neuro Exam 1 > Neurons > Flashcards

Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron Components

A

Dendrite
Axon
Presynaptic terminal
Soma

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

Receive information from other cells

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3
Q

Axon

A

Carries output information to presynaptic terminal

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4
Q

Presynaptic Terminal

A

Transmit information to other cells

Neurotransmitter released

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5
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

Where neurotransmitter is produced

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6
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

Has dendrite and root

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7
Q

Pseudounipolar Neuron

A

Single projection from soma that has two axons

Peripheral and central axon

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8
Q

Peripheral Axon

A

Carries information from periphery to soma

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9
Q

Central Axon

A

Carries information from soma to spinal cord

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10
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

Multiple dendrites and single axon

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11
Q

Leak Channel

A

Always open
Allow diffusion from ions from high to low concentration
No energy needed

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12
Q

Gated Channel

A

Open in response to stimulus and close when stimulus is removed

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13
Q

Modality-gated Channel

A

Open in response to specific sensory information (mechanical force, temperature, chemicals)

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14
Q

Ligand-gated Channel

A

Open in response to neurotransmitter binding to channel receptor

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15
Q

Voltage-gated Channel

A

Important for release of neurotransmitter and propagation of action potential

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16
Q

Depolarization

A

Less negative (Excitatory)
Allow action potential transmission
Allow neurotransmitters to be released

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17
Q

Hyperpolarization

A 
More negative (Inhibitory)
Lack of transmission
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18
Q

Local Potential

A 
Local change in electrical potential
Initial change in membrane potential
Spreads short distance
Either depolarizes or hyperpolarizes
Produced from modality-gated channel or ligand-gated channel
19
Q

Action Potential

A

Larger change in electrical potential
Large depolarization regenerated along length of axon
All-or-non principle
Spreads long distances by voltage-gated channels
Transmits info down axon and causes release of neurotransmitter

20
Q

Temporal Summation

A

Combined effect of local potentials occurring one after another

21
Q

Spatial Summation

A

Combined effect of several small local potentials occurring at same time

22
Q

Events of Action Potentials

A

Na+ channels open and Na+ goes in
Na+ channels close
K+ channels open and K+ leaves cell

23
Q

Absolute Refractory Period

A

No amount of stimulus will result in action potential

24
Q

Relative Refractory Period

A

Stronger than usual stimulus will result in action potential

25
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Where saltatory conduction is produced to propagate action potential down axon

26
Q

Interneuron

A

Modify information in spinal cord

Relay information to different levels of spinal cord

27
Q

Convergence

A

Multiple inputs from several neurons to one single neuron

28
Q

Divergence

A

Single neuron branches and synapses on multiple neurons

29
Q

Glial Cells

A

Provide structure
Transmit information
Involved in neural development
Repair following brain damage

30
Q

Macroglia

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

31
Q

Astrocytes

A

Provide structure
Regulate neuronal signalling
Blood-brain barrier
Recovery from injury

32
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytosis

Abnormal activation in several diseases

33
Q

Presynaptic Terminal

A

Releases neurotransmitter

34
Q

Postsynaptic Terminal

A

Receiving cells

Contains receptors, gland, muscle cell, another neuron

35
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A

Action potential reaches presynaptic terminal
Calcium enters
Calcium causes vesicles to move toward cleft
Neurotransmitter released
Neurotranmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors
Membrane channel changes shape and ions enter

36
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

A

Depolarization

Summation can lead to AP

37
Q

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

A

Hyperpolariztion

Decrease chance of AP

38
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Most prevalent in PNS

39
Q

Glutamate

A

Amino Acid

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter

40
Q

Glycine

GABA

A

Amino Acid

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

41
Q

Dopamine

A

Amine

Loss of dopamine is Parkinson’s

42
Q

Peptides

A

Important role in pain perception and modulation

43
Q

Direct Receptor Effect of Neurotransmitter

A

Open ligand-gated ion channel

44
Q

Indirect Receptor Effect of Neurotransmitter

A

Open ion channel through G-protein

PTRS 852 - Neuro Exam 1 (7 decks)

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