Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Outlines HB2 > Spinal Cord and Back > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Back Flashcards

1
Q

body of vertebrae

A

weight bearing component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vertebral arch

A

arches posteriorly to form vertebral foramen which contains spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pedicle

A

part of vertebral arch that joins the vertebral body to the transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lamina

A

paired posterior segments that connect transverse process to spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

spinous process

A

posteriorly projecting tip of the vertebral arch, easily palpated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transverse process

A

extend laterally from junction of pedicle and lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

superior and inferior articular processes

A

form synovial facets that join with vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

bilateral foramen that between pedicles where spinal nerves go through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

C7 special factor

A

C7 has a long, palpable spinous process, and is thus known as the vertebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

atlas

A

C1, articulates with occipital condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

axis

A

dens, C2 “no” head movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sacrum

A

5 vertebrae fused into 1

  • Promontory – sticks out, where L5 sits
  • Articulations with lumbar vertebrae and hip bones – facets of articular process for L5 and auricular surfaces for articulation with ilium
  • Sacral canal – continuation of the spinal canal
  • Ventral and dorsal sacral foramina (four pairs of each) holes in sacrum for nerves and blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

coccyx

A

3 to 4 fused vertebrae, “tailbone”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atlanto-occipital joints

A

synovial joint

flexion and extension of the head. (Nod head “yes”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

atlantoaxial joints

A

synovial joint

rotation of the head and atlas on the axis (Shake head “no”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Supraspinous (supraspinal) ligament

A

connects apices of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)

A

cervical occipital protuberance to C1-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

interspinous ligaments

A

connects spinous processes

22
Q

ligamenta flava

A

connects paired laminae of adjacent vertebrae

23
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

courses longitudinally along anterior surface of the vertebral bodies limiting vertebral extension

24
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

courses longitudinally, down posterior surface of bodies

25
Q

2 portions of inter-vertebral disc

A
  • Anulus fibrosus – tough hyaline cartilaginous rim

- Nucleus pulposus – softer fibrocartilaginous core

26
Q

normal curvature of vertebral column

A
  • Cervical lordosis – curve anteriorly
  • Thoracic kyphosis – curve posteriorly
  • Lumbar lordosis – curve anteriorly
  • Sacral kyphosis – curve posteriorly
27
Q

trapezius

A

most superficial, triangular shape

  • Superior – obliquely from occipital bone to scapula, elevates and rotates scapula
  • Middle – horizontal, causes scapular retraction
  • Inferior parts – superiorly from lower thoracic vertebrae to scapula, scapular depression
  • Innervation: accessory nerve
28
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

broad flat muscle of lower region of the back

  • Action: adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the shoulder joint
  • Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
29
Q

levator scapulae

A

deep to the trapezius muscle and superior to the rhomboids

  • Action: elevation of the scapula
  • Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-4
30
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

superior to major

  • Action: retraction of the scapula
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
31
Q

Rhomboid major

A

inferior to minor

  • Action: retraction of the scapula
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
32
Q

what innervates serratus posterior superior and inferior

A

dorsal rami

33
Q

erector spinae

A

innervated by dorsal rami – extend the vertebral column, rotate to ipsilateral side

  • Iliocostalis – most lateral
  • Longissimus – middle
  • Spinalis – most medial, closest to spine
34
Q

dura mater

A

most superficial layer of the meninges, forms a sheath around spinal cord

35
Q

Epidural space

A

(potential in skull) – between dura mater and vertebral canal

36
Q

Subdural space

A

(potential in both skull and spine) – between dura and arachnoid maters

37
Q

arachnoid mater

A

intermediate layer, attached to pia by arachnoid trabeculae

38
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between the arachnoid and pia mater; contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to suspend the spinal cord, brain and nerve roots

39
Q

pia mater

A

deepest layer, inseparable from surface of the spinal cord, contains blood vessels to cord

40
Q

denticulate ligament

A

lateral extensions of pia to dura mater for stability, allows “tether”

41
Q

filum terminale

A

extension of pia mater beyond spinal cord to attach to coccyx

42
Q

Cauda equina

A

spinal cord terminates at L1 in adults, so L2-5 and S1-5 make the cauda equina

43
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges, painful because of sensory neuron receptors for pain

44
Q

enlargements of the spinal cord

A

Cervical enlargement – result from enlargement of the gray matter that contains the neural machinery necessary to operate the upper limbs C5-T1
Lumbar enlargement – result from enlargement of the gray matter that contains the neural machinery necessary to operate the lower limbs T11-S2

45
Q

dorsal root

A

convey sensory afferent information from body tissue to spinal cord

46
Q

ventral root

A

convey motor efferent information away from spinal cord to body tissue

47
Q

conus medullaris

A

tapered lower end of the spinal cord

48
Q

gray matter

A

central, butterfly-shaped mass; the ventral and dorsal parts of the “wings” of the gray matter are called the ventral and dorsal horns, respectively

49
Q

white matter

A

periphery mass, contains vertical columns of axons arrange so those that perform similar functions are arranged in tracts

50
Q

ventral horn in gray matter

A

contains cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle

51
Q

dorsal horn of gray matter

A

receives sensory impulses entering via dorsal root

52
Q

vessels that supply spinal cord

A

anterior spinal artery and two posterior spinal arteries

corresponding veins drain into the internal vertebral venous plexus

Anatomy Outlines HB2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions