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Intro Neurological Comm Disorders SLPA 4721 Mathews UWG > SPINAL CORD > Flashcards

SPINAL CORD Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal cord is continuous with the

A

-Medulla

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2
Q

There are 31 single spinal nerves

A

-False

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3
Q

The spinal cord is the communication highway between the brain and the body and it is also involved in reflexes

A

-True

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4
Q

-ventral roots carries efferent motor information

A

True

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5
Q

How many segments are in the spinal cord

A

31

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6
Q

How many cervical

A

8

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7
Q

How many Thoracic

A

12

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8
Q

How many Lumbar and Sacral

A

5

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9
Q

How many coccygeal

A

1

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10
Q

What is the Subcortex responsible for

A

Functions usually beneath the level of awarenesses

  • Refines motor plans
  • Regulates heartbeat, breathing, arousal, sleep/wake cycle
  • Coordinates viscera and digestive system
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11
Q

What are the structures of the sub cortex

A
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
  • Thalamus
  • Basal Ganglia
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12
Q

What is the Brainstem responsible for

A

Connects the spinal cord to the brain

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13
Q

What are the structures of the Brainstem

A
  • pons
  • Midbrain
  • Medulla
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14
Q

What is the Medulla responsible for

A

Respiration

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel functions, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing

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15
Q

Nerve fibers cross over to the opposite side of the body where

A

Medulla

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16
Q

What is the structure of the Cerebellum

A
  • Divided into two hemispheres
  • Hemispheres connected by the Vermis
  • Attached tot he pons
  • superior, middle, and inferior pons
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17
Q

What is the Cerebellum responsible for

A
  • Each hemisphere is receives information from contralateral hemispheres for processing
  • Works as an error control device to detect and correct errors in motor plans
  • Make sure body movements are coordinated and free of errors
  • Monitors the intent of motor plans and compares them to what the body is actually doing
  • If there is an error cerebellum alters the force, timing, and sequencing of muscle contractions
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18
Q

What is the Vermis responsible for

A

-Receives information about the body from projections through the pons

19
Q

Facts about Cerebellum

A
  • The more rapid and precise a body movement us the greater likelihood that an error will occur
  • The greater likelihood of an error, the harder that the cerebellum will work to prevent the error
20
Q

What is the Thalamus responsible for

A
  • Sensory relay station
  • Receives sensory information transmitted from the body (except olfaction) and directs it to the appropriate part of the brain for processing
  • Receives motor plans the cerebellum has checked for errors and sends the refined plans motor execution
21
Q

What is the Basal Ganglia responsible for

A

Plays a role in initiation of movement , muscle tone, maintenance, and inhibition of extraneous movements

22
Q

What are the functions of the Basal Ganglia

A
  • Group of subcortical structures located within the cerebral hemisphere on either side of the thalamus
  • Includes substructures such as: Caudate nucleus, Putamen, globes pallidus
23
Q

Error control device for body movement and coordination

A

Cerebellum

24
Q

Sensory relay station exception for olfaction

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

Helps with hunger thirst body temperature emotions and involved in sleep

A

thalamus

26
Q

Plays a role in movement and muscle tone

A

Basal ganglia

27
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

Transmits sensory (afferent) information from the body to the brain and motor (efferent) information from the brain to the body

28
Q

Afferent

A

Arrives

Information has been brought to the structure

29
Q

Efferent

A

Exits

Information has been taken away from the structure

30
Q

What does SAVE DAVE mean

A

Sensory. Afferent Motor Efferent

Dorsal. Afferent Ventral Efferent

31
Q

What is the structure of the spinal cord

A

Bundle of white and grey matter in the spinal column

32
Q

Where does the Spinal cord begin

A

Medulla

33
Q

Where does the Spinal cord narrows and end at

A

Conus Medullaris

34
Q

Spinal cord breaks up into loose strands of nerves called the

A

cauda equina

35
Q

When does a stretch reflex occur

A

When a muscle is stretch passively (doctor taps your knee)

36
Q

What is a Spinal Reflex

A
  • originating at the spinal cord below the level of our awareness.
  • When a doctor taps your knee the tap stretches the muscle in your knee which generates an afferent signal from the muscle spindle fibers
  • Afferent signal is sent to the spinal cord
  • Spinal cord recognizes that this sensory signal contradicts efferent signals being sent from the brain
37
Q

How does the spinal cord correct the inconsistency of a stretch reflex

A
  • The spinal cord an efferent signal to bring the body part back to where efferent signals from the brain want to be
  • The spinal cord does this with no input from the brain and below the level of awareness
38
Q

What if the stretch reflex goes bad

A

A common clinical manifestation is spastic cerebral palsy

-The stretch reflex may affect one limb or entire body, impairing ability to produce speech

39
Q

Contributions to creation of spasticity

A

(Hypertonia + Resistance to movement)

40
Q

What do spinal nerves control

A

Trunk, airs, and legs of body

41
Q

What do the spinal cord connect to

A

muscle, organ, or gland

42
Q

The spinal cord a direct role in speech

A

False

43
Q

In what role is the spinal cord connected to speech

A
  • phrenic nerve

- Innervates the diaphragm which is the primary muscle for inspiration of air into the lungs needed for phonation

44
Q

Dorsal door carries Afferent sensory information

A

True

Intro Neurological Comm Disorders SLPA 4721 Mathews UWG (2 decks)

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