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Anatomy course (Back) > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Composed o the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous system

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2
Q

Composed of spin nerves (31) and Cranial Nerves (12)

A

Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

Transmits information from periphery to the cns. contains receptors (DORSAL)

A

Sensory (afferent) divison

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4
Q

Transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body. Sends motor information to effectors (VENTRAL)

A

Motor (efferent) divison

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5
Q

Voluntary- skeletal muscle, sensation (pain, pressure, touch, temperature, proprioception)

A

Somatic nervous system

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6
Q

Involuntary- Smooth muscle, glands, and internal organs

A

Autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

Produces myelin protein for myelinated axons. Major glial cell in PNS

A

Schwann cell

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8
Q

Point at which one neuron communicates with one or more neurons

A

Synapse

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9
Q

Cell bodies

A

Gray matter

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10
Q

Axons (nerve fibers)

A

White matter

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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

L1-2

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12
Q

Automatic unconscious response to stimuli

A

Reflex

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13
Q

Initiates in the spinal cord, bypasses the brain right to the muscles

A

Spinal reflex

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14
Q

Why does the cervical cross section have more white?

A

Because of brachial plexus (more nerves running through or information)

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15
Q

Most superficial layer of meninges? Tough

A

Dura mater “hard mother”

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16
Q

Intermediate layer of meninges? Delicate avascular

A

Arachnoid Mater “spider mother”

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17
Q

Innermost layer of meninges? delicated

A

Pia mater “Delicated mother”

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18
Q

Non-excitable cells

They support, insulate, and nourish neurons

A

Glial cells (Neuroglia)

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19
Q

A shwann cell is a like a what in the CNS?

A

Oligodendryte

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20
Q

Structure and functional unit of the nervous system

Specialized for rapid communication

A

Neuron

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21
Q

A component of a neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body

A

Dendrites

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22
Q

A component of a neuron that carries impulses away from the body

A

Axons

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23
Q

Increases the velocity of the impulse transmission from neuron to neuron
Forms a sheath around some axons

A

Myelin

24
Q

Nucleus- Gray matter, collection of neuron bodies

Tract- white matter, collection of nerve fibers, connects nuclei

A

CNS

25
Q

Ganglion- collection of nerve cell bodies
Peripheral nerve- collection of nerve fibers, connect CNS with peripheral structuresn
Spinal OR cranial

A

PNS

26
Q

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

A

To transmit signals to and from brain to peripheral structures

27
Q

Cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system are in what part of the spinal cord?
This has a lateral horn

A

Thoracic

28
Q

Dura mater forms what

A

Spinal dural sac

29
Q

What anchors the Spinal dural sac to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

30
Q

The arachnoid mater encloses what

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

Cushions the cord, clear odorless fluid, low in protein and cellular content

A

CSF

32
Q 
Sheets of pia mater that anchor the cord to the dural sac
Separates anterior(ventral) and posterior (dorsal) nerve roots
Run longitudinally along the cord
A

Denticulate ligaments

33
Q

Cervical spinal nerves exit where

A

Exit intervertebral foramina above named segment

34
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves exit where

A

Below named segment

35
Q

Lumbar spinal nerves exit where

A

Below named segment

36
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue coverings of the Peripheral nerve structure

A

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

37
Q

Encloses bundle of fascicles

Includes fat, blood vessels, and lymphatics

A

Epineurium

38
Q

Dense tissue around a fascicle

Protection againt foreign substances

A

Perineurium

39
Q

Delicate sheath surrounding neurolemma and cells

A

Endoneurium

40
Q

Formed by the Lumbar and sacral nerve roots
L1-S5
Innervates lower extremity

A

Lumbosacral plexus

41
Q

Enlargement of subarachnoid space to accomodate cauda equina

A

Lumbar cistern

42
Q

3 longitudinal arteries run from the brainstem to conus medullaris and supply superior cord what are they?

A

Anterior spinal artery (from branches of the vertebral artery)
2 posterior spinal arteries (From vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

43
Q

Segmental medullary and radicular arteries do what

What reinforces circulation to 2/3 of cord

A

supply most of the cord

Great anterior segmental medullary

44
Q

Run longitudinally and communicate freely with each other
Drained by 12 Ant/Post medullary and radicular veins
Join the internal vertebral venous plexus in epidural space which communicates with dural venous sinuses and vein in cranium

A

Anterior/ Posterior spinal veins

45
Q

Somatic nervous system is a division of what?

A

Sensory (afferent)

46
Q

Autonomic nervous system is a division of what?

A

Motor (efferent)

47
Q

1 shwann cell can encase how many unmyelinated axons?

A

10

48
Q

What neurotransmitters facilitate communication in the synapse?

A

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
GABA

49
Q

The spinal cord starts where?

A

The medulla oblongata

50
Q

Cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system are where?

A

Thoracic

51
Q

Where does the spinal dural sac end?

A

S1,2

52
Q

Pia mater continues as what?

A

Filum terminale

53
Q

The filum terminale takes what with it?

A

Arachnoid and dura mater

54
Q

Dorsal and ventral roots run in what space covered by what?

A

Subarachnoid space

Pia mater

55
Q

Cervical enlargment runs from where to where?

A

C3-T1

56
Q

Lumbosacral enlargement runs from where to where?

A

L1-S2

Anatomy course (Back) (11 decks)

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