Shoulder, axilla, brachial plexus Flashcards
Cephalic vein runs here
Deltopectoral groove
Stabilizes the scapula, used when stretching upper limb forward to touch an object that is just out of reach.
Landmark for nerves, arteries in axilla
Pectoralis minor
Has a sternocostal head (Bigger) and a clavicular head
Pectoralis major
Keeps scapula close to thoracic wall
Anchors scapula and enables other muscles to use it as a fixed bone for movements of humerus
Serratus anterior
What are the 4 nerves that meet at Erbs point
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular
Lesser occipital
What are the scapulohumeral muscles?
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major/minor, subscapularis
Quadrangular space 4 borders?
Medial: Long head of the triceps
Lateral: Humeral shaft
Superior: Teres minor
Inferior:Teres Major
Contents of the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve (passes here on way to innervate teres minor and deltoid) Posterior humeral circumflex artery
Triangular space 3 borders?
Inferior: Teres major
Superior: Teres minor
Lateral: Long head of triceps
Contents of the triangular space?
Scapular circumflex artery
Triceps hiatus 3 borders?
Superior: Teres major
Lateral: Lateral head of triceps or the humerus
Medial: Long head of triceps
Contents of the triangular hiatus?
Profunda brachii artery
Radial nerve
Characteristics of the AC joint
Plane synovial
Coracoclavicular
Trapezoid
Conoid ligament deal with what joint?
AC joint
Characteristics of Glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket
Has more freedom and movement than any other joint in the body
Allows for movements around the three axes
Characteristics of the SC joint?
Saddle, but act like a ball and socket
Costoclavicular
interclavicular ligaments deal with what joint?
SC joint
What surrounds the SC joint?
Joint capsule
Large spherical humeral head articulates with the relatively small and shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula, which is deepened slightly by this ring like, fibrocartilage
Glenoid labrum
Anterior axio-appendicular muscles
- What do they move
- What muscles are included?
Move the pectoral girdle
Pec. major/ minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior
Posterior axio-appendicular muscles
Superficial?
Deep?
Superficial-trapezius and lats
Deep- Levator scapulae rhomboids
Glenoid cavity only accepts a little more than what of the humeral head?
Humeral head is held in by?
A third
Rotator cuff
The armpit is called?
The axilla
Apex of axilla?
Made up of 1st rib, clavicle, superior levator scap
Base of axilla?
fascia, skin (forms the armpit)
Anterior wall of axilla?
Pectoralis major
Posterior wall of axilla?
Scapula and subscapularis (anterior)
Inferiorly by lats and teres major
Medial wall of axilla?
Thoracic wall, overlying serratus anterior
Lateral wall of axilla?
Intertubecular sulcus of humerus
Contents of the axilla?
Axillary vein/ artery, nerves cords and branches of brachial plexus, lymphatic vessels, and axillary lymph nodes
Pectoralis minor, subclavius, omohyoid, tendon of the long head of the biceps are more muscles that are part of the?
Axilla
The subclavian A/V becomes what at the 1st rib?
Axillary A/V
The axillary goes where?
To the rotator cuff
Lies initially (distally) on the anteromedial side of the axillary artery, with its terminal part antero-inferior to the artery?
Axillary vein
Formed by the union of the accompanying brachialveins and the basilic vein at the inferior border of the teres minor.
Axillary vein
What are more abundant than the arteries of the axilla?
They are what?
Veins of axilla
Highly variable and frequently anastomose
Major network of nerves supplying the upper limb. Beings in the lateral cervical triangle and extends into the axilla?
Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is formed by the union of what?
Anterior rami of the C5-T1 nerves
The roots of the brachial plexus usually pass through?
The anterior and middle scalenes. Near subclavian artery
Superior trunk of Brachial plexus?
Formed by the union of C5 and C6 roots
Middle trunk of Brachial plexus?
Formed by the continuation of the C7 root
Inferior trunk of Brachial plexus?
Formed by the union of the C8 and T1 roots
5 roots of brachial plexus?
C5,6,7,8 and T1
3 trunks of brachial plexus?
Superior- Suprascapular nerve and the subclavian nerve
Middle
Inferior
How many anterior and posterior divisions in the brachial plexus?
3 anterior
3 posterior
3 cords around axillary artery?
Lateral- Lateral pectoral nerve
Posterior- Upper subscapular nerve, Thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve
Medial- Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Terminal branches of brachial plexus?
Musculotaneous nerve Axillary nerve Median nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve
Transverse humeral ligament
CoraCoacromial ligament
Cora-Acromial Arch
Part of glenohumeral ligament
First part of Axillary artery and vein?
Branches?
Between lateral border of 1st rib and medial border of pec. minor
Branches- superior thoracic artery
Second part of Axillary artery and vein?
Branches?
Posterior to pec. minor
Branches- Thoracoacromial
Deltoid, acromial, pectoral, clavicular
Lateral thoracic artery
Third part of axillary artery and vein?
Branches?
Lateral border of pec minor to inferior border of teres major
Branches- Subscapular artery
Thoracodorsal
scapular circumflex
Posterior/ Anterior circumflex humeral artery
