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sports med > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

what is white and gray matter

A

white- tracts communicate from CNS to PNS

gray- neuron cell bodies

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2
Q

3 layers of spinal column

A

1- dura mater (outer)- thick collagenous tissue, single layered
2- Arachnoid- thin layer, runs to s2
3- Pia mater (inner)- thicker each side has ligament, acts as anchor

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3
Q

Where does cauda equina terminate

A

SC terminates at level of L1-L2

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4
Q

Cervical- how many vertebrae/ characteristics

A
  • 7 vertebrae

- small vertebral bodies, Greater ROM, facets orientated along transverse plain

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5
Q

Thoracic- how many vertebrae/ characteristics

A
  • 12 vertebrae
  • facets oriented vertically
  • Less ROM in extension/flextion
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6
Q

Lumbar- how many vertebrae/ characteristics

A
  • 5 vertebrae
  • larger vertebral bodies
  • facets orientated in sagittal plane (increase extention)
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7
Q

Where is lumbosacral plexus

A

-l4-s4

sacral plexus- L4-s1 (superior gluteal N)
L5- S2- Inferior gluteal N
Sciatic N- L4 to S3 `

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8
Q

what does the dorsal root contain and where does it synpase

A

contains interneurons that are part of spinal circuits
-may synpase directly in spinal cord with neurons of the ipsilateral gray mater or ascends via white matter tracts to ipsilateral medula or thalmic relay center

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9
Q

what does ventral root do

A

volunatary + involuntary movement

final common pathway (lower motor unit)

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10
Q

Myotomes- c1-c8

A 
1/2-head flex
3- side flex
4- shoulder elev
5- shoulder abduction
6- elbow flex/ wrist ex
7- elbow ex/ wrist flex
8- thumb ex
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11
Q

Myotomes- L2-s1

A 
2- hip flex
3- knee ex
4- ankle dorsiflex
5- great toe ex
1- ankle plantar flex
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12
Q

What are deep tendon reflexes for

A

signs of lower motor lesion

  • absent or decreased response
  • flaccid paralysis
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13
Q

What is a negative babinski reflex indicitive of

A

signs of upper motor neuron lesion

  • excessive or increased response
  • spastic paralysis
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14
Q

Ascending tracts- where are cell bodies located

A

ipsilateral dorsal root

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15
Q

what is difference bw medial and lateral portion of ascending tracts

A

medial- increased mylination, larger diameter (for touch/proprioception)

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16
Q

T/F posterior column is organized somatotropically

A

T

17
Q

Posterior column medial lemniscus- what does it get imput from/ where does i

A

input from mechanoreceptors

- enter medial division and ascend via posterior column

18
Q

Where do axons in posterior column synapse

A

Caudal medulla

19
Q

route of axons in posterior columm

A

dorsal root ganglia-> fasciculus cuneatus (lowr body)/ gracilis (upper body)-> nucleus cuteatus/gracilis

20
Q

where do posterior column axons cross over

A

at medulla to form medial lemniscus

21
Q

where do 2nd order and 3rd order neurons ascend

A

2nd- ascend through medial leminscus to synapse on VPL

3rd- project from VPL to SM1

22
Q

what does damage to PCML result in

A

proprioceptive + tactile impairments (incordination)

23
Q

Route of Anterior spinothalmatic tract

A

synapse w interneuron and cross midline

  • ascends ipsilateral SC via anterolateral path
  • enters the caudal medulla to midbrain to thalmus
24
Q

Damage to anterior spinothalmatic tract results in

A
  • absence of pain
25
Q

what does the posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts do

A

posterior- proprioception, pressure

anterior- associated w initiation of movement

26
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract route

A

bertz cells in M1
midbrain
medulla
descend contralaterally to synapse w a motor neurons

27
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract

A

descend ipsilateral to cross over the spinal cord
terminate on the medial portion of anterior horn
axial muscles

28
Q

damage to corticospinal tract (upper and lower)

A

upper- paralysis, hyperreflexia

lower- parlysis, absent reflexes, decreased tone

29
Q

relay center for autonomic NS

A

hypothalmus

30
Q

Acute SCI

A 
spinal shock (flaccid paraylisis)
progressivly changes to spastic paraylsis
31
Q

description of central cord injuries

A
  • hyperextension

- upper extremity weakness

32
Q

Anterior cord injuries

A
  • flexion injuries

- loss of motor function (corticospinal) + pain and temp (spinothalamic)

33
Q

Posterior cord injuries

A

rare

-loss of proprioceptive awareness below injury

34
Q

conus medullaris/ cauda equina injuries

A

commonly incomplete lesions

pins and needles in low back, decreased bowel/bladder control

35
Q

what is autonomic dysreflexia

A
  • lesions above T6

- noxious stim= massive sympatheic spike can act as a performance enhancement

sports med (4 decks)

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