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Anatomy Unit 4 > Spinal cord > Flashcards

Spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

cervical enlargements

A

C4-T1

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2
Q

sacramental enlargements

A

L1-S3

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3
Q

3 layers of meninges

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia
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4
Q

sub arachnid space is between what

A

arachnoid matter and pia matter

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5
Q

sub arachnoid matter is filled with what

A

CSF

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6
Q

enlarged subarachnoid space, ends at S2 vertebral level

A

Lumbar Cistern

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7
Q

Deep to vertebral canal but superficial to dura mater

A

Epidural space

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8
Q

Dura mater ends at what level

A

S2

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9
Q

• Lateral extensions of pia mater that pass through the arachnoid layer and attach to the internal surface of the dura mater
Function to anchor the spinal cord

A

Denticulate ligaments

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10
Q

spinal cord ends at what level

A

L2

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11
Q

• Needle is inserted into (what) interlaminar space to avoid the conus medullaris.

A

L3-L4 or L4-L5

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12
Q

what landmark is L4

A

Iliac crest

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13
Q

o Consists of pia mater and remnants of the caudal spinal cord

A

♣ Filum terminale

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14
Q

o Passes through the sacral hiatus to attach to the coccyx (serves to anchor the spinal cord inferiorly)

A

Filum terminale

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15
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
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16
Q

3 sections to the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons,
medulla oblongata

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17
Q

Calvaria is what part of the skull

A

Roof

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18
Q

Basicranium

is what part of the skull

A

Floor

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19
Q

Viscerocranium is what part of the skull

A

facial skeleton

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20
Q

sutures between between the two parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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21
Q

sutures between between the frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal suture

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22
Q

At birth, the sutures are not fused and the bones of the neurocranium are separate by membranous areas called

A

fontanelles

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23
Q

♣ Pterion

A

Junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones

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24
Q

Fractures at pterion can rupture the anterior branch of the

A

middle meningeal artery can cause an epidural hematoma

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25
Q

Anterior cranial fossa 3 bones

A
  1. Frontal,
  2. sphenoid
  3. ethmoid bones
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26
Q

Middle cranial fossa 2 bones

A

Temporal and sphenoid bones

27
Q

what goes through Optic canal

A
  1. optic nerve (CN II)

2. ophthalmic artery

28
Q

what goes through Superior orbital fissure

A
  1. oculomotor nerve (CN III),
  2. trochlear nerve (CN IV),
  3. ophthalmic nerve (CN V1),
  4. abducent nerve (CN VI),
  5. ophthalmic veins
29
Q

what goes through Foramen rotundum

A

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

30
Q

what goes through Foramen ovale

A

mandibular nerve (CN V3)

31
Q

what goes through Foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal nerve, artery and vein

32
Q

what goes through Foramen lacerum (closed in life by cartilage)

A

Internal carotid artery passes horizontally across this region after passing through the carotid canal in the temporal bone

33
Q

what goes through Internal acoustic meatus

A
  1. facial nerve (CN VII)

2. vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

34
Q

what goes through Jugular foramen

A
  1. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX),
  2. vagus nerve (CN X),
  3. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI),
  4. internal jugular vein
35
Q

what goes though Hypoglossal canal

A
  1. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
36
Q

what goes though Foramen magnum

A

medulla and meninges,
spinal root of CN XI,
vertebral arteries

37
Q

provides blood supply to the dura mater

A

Middle meningeal artery

38
Q

In contrast to the spinal dura mater, the cranial dura mater is composed of (how many layers)

A

Two

39
Q

In contrast to the spinal dura mater, the cranial dura mater is composed of what two layers

A
  1. External periosteal layer (lines internal surface of neurocranium)
  2. Internal meningeal layer
40
Q

Cranial dura mater

Innervated primarily by branches of

A
  1. Trigeminal (CN V)

2. Vagus (CN X)

41
Q

Dura-Arachnoid Junction

is the location of what condition

A

Subdural Hematoma

42
Q

• Extensions of the arachnoid mater, called (what), are involved in the transfer of CSF to the venous system

A

arachnoid granulations

43
Q

o Formed by the fusion of adjacent layers of meningeal dura
o Dive between parts of the brain

Between the cerebral hemispheres in sagittal plane •	Anterior attachments: frontal crest and crista galli •	Posterior attachment: occipital bone
A

o Falx cerebri

44
Q

• Between occipital lobes of the cerebrum and the cerebellum in the transverse plane

A

o Tentorium cerebelli

45
Q

• Between cerebellar hemispheres in sagittal plane

A

• Falx cerebelli

46
Q
  • Attached to the clinoid processes

* Forms roof over pituitary gland, but allows passage of infundibulum (pituitary stalk) and veins

A

• Diaphragm sellae

47
Q

Between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura

A

Dural venous sinuses

48
Q

Dural venous sinuses drains into what veins

A

internal jugular veins

49
Q

Within superior border of falx cerebri

A

Superior sagittal sinus

50
Q

what goes though cavernous sinus

A

o Internal carotid artery

o Abducent nerve (CN VI)

51
Q

Only structure in body where an artery passes through a vein

A

cavernous sinus

52
Q

Within lateral walls of sinus (4)

A 
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
53
Q

Vertebral arteries come off what artery

A

subclavian arteries

54
Q

Vertebral arteries Enter the cranium via the

A

foramen magnum

55
Q

Vertebral arteries form the

A

basilar

56
Q

Basilar artery gives off what two arteries

A
  1. Posterior Communicating
    Arteries
  2. Posterior Cerebral
    Arteries
57
Q

Internal carotid arteries Give rise (3)

A
  1. ophthalmic artery,
  2. anterior cerebral artery (with anterior communicating artery)
  3. middle cerebral artery
58
Q

Internal Carotid Artery enters the skull how

A

Enters: carotid canal

59
Q

Ophthalmic artery

is a branch of what artery

A

ICA

60
Q

The vertebral arteries enter though what space

A

foramen magnum

61
Q

Internal Jugualr vein enters though what space

A

Jugualr foramen

62
Q

Cranial Dura Mater Innervated by what two nerves

A
  1. Trigeninal

2. vagus

63
Q

o When performing a subarachnoid block, the anesthetic agent is injected into the (X) , and affects the dorsal and ventral roots of the cauda equina

A

Lumbar cistern

Anatomy Unit 4 (9 decks)

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