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PTRS 746 Exam 2 > Spinal and UE Orthotics > Flashcards

Spinal and UE Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Term: An orthopedic appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of moveable parts of the body

A

Orthotic

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2
Q

Q: What 6 things can an orthotic be used for?

A
  1. Support and align
  2. Immoblize, restrict, or mobilize
  3. Prevent or correct deformities
  4. Substitute or enhance motion
  5. Reduce pain and discomfort
  6. Improve function
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3
Q

Content: Purpose of Orthotics (3)

A
  1. Immobilization (immobilize joints/structures)
  2. Mobilization (Move/stretch tissues/joints)
  3. Restrction (Limit/control joint motion)
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4
Q

Content: Spinal Orthotic Principles (4)

A
  1. 3 point pressure system**
  2. Increases hydrostatic pressure
  3. Provide kinesthetic reminder
  4. Modify support systems
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5
Q

Content: Parts of the spinal support system (2)

A
  1. Extrinsic stability
  2. Intrinsic stability
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6
Q

Content: Parts of extrinsic stability (2)

A

Muscles

  1. Flexors (psoas, abs)
  2. Extensors (erector spinae, paraspinals)
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7
Q

Content: Parts of Intrinsic support (2)

A
  1. Ligaments
  2. Discs
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8
Q

Q: What is the purpose of ligaments in the spinal support system? (3)

A
  1. Linkage
  2. Transfer loads
  3. Smooth motion
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9
Q

Q: What is the purpose of discs in the spinal support system?

A

shock absorption

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10
Q

Content: Design Considerations for Spinal Orthotics (8)

A
  1. Necessity
  2. Cost
  3. Cosmetics
  4. Adjustability
  5. Weight
  6. Effectiveness
  7. Available ROM
  8. Functionality
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11
Q

Content: Cervical Orthoses: Soft Collars (3)

A
  1. Facilitate spinal alignment
  2. Limit some ROM
  3. Provide kinesthetic reminder
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12
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Orthosis

A

Soft Collar

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13
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Orthosis

A

Soft Collar - Headmaster Collar

  • for neck weakness/head drop
  • primarily for support
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14
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Orthosis

A

Semi-Rigid Collar (Phildelphia Collar)

  • support, stability, alignment, kinesthetic reminder
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15
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Orthosis

A

Semi Rigid Collar (Aspen Collar)

  • support, stability, alignment, kinesthetic reminder
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16
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Orthosis

A

Semi-Rigid Collar (Miami J Collar)

  • support, stability, alignment, kinesthetic reminder
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17
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Thoracic Orthosis

A

Cervical orthoses with thoracic extension - SOMI

  • no straps on back, good for pt. in long term supine positing
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18
Q

Content: Cerical orthoses with thoracic extension (2)

A
  1. SOMI (Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer)
  2. Often indicated for bed bound pts.
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19
Q

Diagram: Identify the Cervical Thoracic Orthosis

A

Cervical Orthosis with thoracic extension - Lerman-Minerva

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20
Q

Content: Halos

A
  1. Tri-planar motion control of the cervical spine
  2. Maximum immobilization
  3. Restricts 90-95% of normal motion
  4. Poor pt. acceptance with relatively high complication rate
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21
Q

Diagram: Identify the Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)

A

Flexible LSO

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22
Q

Diagram: Identify the Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)

A

Chairback LSO

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23
Q

Content: Chairback LSO (2)

A
  1. Restricts sagittal plain motion
  2. Tightening abdominal support reduces lumbar lordosis
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24
Q

Diagram: Identify the Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)

A

Knight LSO

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25
Content: Knight LSO (2)
1. Restricts sagittal and coronal plane motion 2. Tightening abdominal support reduces lumbar lordosis
26
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Knight-Taylor TLSO
27
Cotent: Knight Taylor TLSO (3)
1. Restricts sagittal and coronal plane motion 2. Tightening abdominal support reduces lumbar lordosis 3. Tightening axillary straps facilitates thoracic extension
28
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Jewett Hyper-extension TLSO
29
Content: Jewett Hyper-extension TLSO
Restricts thoracolumbar flexion and some coronal plane movement
30
Content: Common indciations for a Jewett Hyper-extension TLSO (3)
1. Compression fx 2. Kyphosis 3. Arthritis
31
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
CASH Hyper-extension TLSO
32
Content: CASH Hyper-extension TLSO (3)
1. Cruciform Anterior Spinal Hyperextension (CASH) 2. Restricts thoracolumbar flexion 3. More common in geriatric patients
33
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Rigid TLSO (Body Jacket)
34
Content: Rigid TLSO (Body Jacket)
Restricts sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane movement
35
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
TLSO with cervical extension
36
Content: Orthotic Indications for Management of Scoliosis (4)
1. Skeletal immaturity (premenarche) 2. Curves between 20-40 degrees 3. Documented progression 4. Single or double curves
37
Content: Accommodative TLSO (2)
1. Addresses fixed deformity 2. Aligns head and trunk over pelvis
38
Content: Accommodative TLSO - Aligns head and trunk over pelvis (4)
1. Reduces shear forces 2. Facilitates UE use 3. Enhances mobility 4. Facilitates respiratory function
39
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Accommodative TLSO
40
Content: Corrective TLSO (3)
1. Progressive correction of idiopathic spinal curvatures 2. Stabilization of congenital spinal curvatures 3. Prevent and/or correct deformity
41
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Corrective TLSO - Boston Brace
42
Content: Boston Brace (2)
1. Generally considered the gold standard for adolescent scoliosis 2. Worn full time (18-23 hours/day)
43
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Corrective TLSO - Milwaukee Brace
44
Content: Milwaukee Brace (2)
1. Indicated for upper thoracic and cervical curvature 2. Worn full time (18-23 hours/day)
45
Diagram: Identify the Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)
Corrective TLSO - Charleston Bending Brace
46
Content: Charleston Bending Brace: (3)
1. Generally indcated for smaller, flexible lumbar curvatures 2. Worn only at night (8 hours/day) 3. Bend pt. out of there scolosis and keeps them in that position
47
Content: Corrective TLSO - PT (5)
1. Skin care 2. Trunk mobility and strengthening 3. Aerobic training 4. Postural feedback and training 5. Functional training with brace
48
Content: Indications for UE Orthoses (3)
1. Trauma (Vocational, burns, MVA) 2. Congenital Deformity 3. Disease (RA, SLE, Neuro impairments esp. those with abnormal tone)
49
Content: Purpose of UE Orthoses (11)
1. Symptom relief 2. Prevent deformity 3. Immobilization 4. Stabilization 5. Protection 6. Correct deformity 7. Scar management 8. Aid function 9. Provide resistance 10. Influence spastic muscle 11. Compensate
50
Content: Designs of UE Orthoses (4)
1. Static 2. Serial Static (remolding to stretch or mobilize) 3. Static Progressive (turning dial to apply (new) force gradually) 4. Dynamic
51
Term: uses static components to apply force
Static Progressive UE Orthosis
52
Term: Uses elastic components to apply force
Dynamic UE Orthosis
53
Content: Functional Anatomy related to UE Orthoses - Extensor Tendons (3)
1. Extensor mechanism relies on the excursion of extensor tendons 2. Extensor tendon excursion is considerably less than that of the flexor tendons 3. Thus the extensor tendon mechanism is more prone to shortening, and it is more difficult to compensate for a loss of extensor excursion
54
T/F: Extensor tendon excursion is considerably more than that of the flexor tendons.
False: less
55
Q: What does the extensor mechanism rely on?
The excursion of extensor tendons
56
Q: The extensor tendon mechanism is more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and it is more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for a loss of extensor excursion
prone, shortening, difficult, compensate
57
Content: Functional Anatomy related to UE Orthoses - MCP, PIP, DIP (2)
1. Ligament length at the MCP and PIP joints is dependent on joint position 2. MCP flexion with PIP and DIP extension is the anti-deformity (instrict plus) position
58
Q: What is the anti-deformity or intrinsic plus postion of the hand?
MCP flexion with PIP and DIP extension
59
Content: Ligament length with MCP extension
1. Collateral ligaments are slack and prone to shortening
60
Content: Ligament length with PIP flexion
1. Volar plate is slack and prone to shortening
61
Content: Hand Position - Intrinsic Plus (3)
1. MCP flexion with PIP and DIP extension 2. Positioning MCP in flexion protects IP extension 3. Commonly used after trauma, burn, or tendon repair
62
Content: Hand Position - Intrinsic Minus (3)
1. MCP extension with PIP and DIP flexion 2. Often results from intrinsic denervation/ulnar nerve plasy 3. Unopposed extension cause MCP hyper-extension and IP flexion
63
Q: What is the equation for pressure?
pressure = force x area
64
Content: Pressure (2)
1. Pressure is never eliminated, only distributed 2. Accomodate for bony prominences
65
Content: UE prominences to be aware of in regards to pressure (6)
1. Olecranon 2. Humeral epicondyles 3. Styloid process 4. Base of 1st MC joint 5. Dorsal thumb, MP, and IP joints 6. Pisiform
66
Content: UE nerves to be aware of in regards to pressure (4)
1. Radial n. 2. Ulnar n. 3. Median n. 4. Volar digit nerves
67
Q: Where in the UE can the radial n. be compressed?
Radial groove of humerus
68
Q: Where in the UE can the ulnar n. be compressed?
Cubital tunnel or distal forearm
69
Q: Where in the UE can the median n. be compressed?
Carpal tunnel
70
Content: Describe the functional hand splint (4)
1. Wrist in 20-30 degrees of extension (neutral if inflamed) 2. Thumb in palmar abduction 3. MCPs in 15-20 degrees of flexion 4. IPs in slight flexion
71
Content: Intrinsic plus splint 1. IP position 2. Thumb position
1. Extension 2. Palmar Abduction
72
Content: Wrist Immobilization Splint for carpal tunnel syndrome
0 degrees
73
Q: What is another name for radial nerve palsy?
Wrist drop
74
Content: Wrist Immobilization Splint for Colles' fx
up to 30 degrees
75
Term: Inflammation of APL and EPB synovial sheaths
DeQuervain's
76
Term: Ulnar collateral ligament injury
Gamekeeper's thumb
77
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Used for Immobilization
78
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Swan neck
79
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Boutonniere Contracture/Deformity
80
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Mallet Finger
81
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Lateral deviation
82
Diagram: Identify what the following finger immoblization treats
Trigger Finger

PTRS 746 Exam 2 (9 decks)

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