spinal and pelvis development Flashcards
when is the first ultrasound in pregnancy?
8 weeks
what is one of the first things you’ll be able to visualise on an ultrasound?
spine due to early ossification centres - starts to be visible by 8th week
how do the vertebrae form iin the early years of life
at beach each vertebrae consists of 3 bony parts connected by cartilage. these arches usually fuse at 3-5 years (so the closer you get to this age the less likely you’ll be able to alter things)
where to the ‘arches’ in the spine start to fuse first?
lumbar region then progress cranially
what shape is a foetus/baby’s spine?
kyphotic
from birth to 6 months what is the baby doing in terms of mm use etc.
tummy time + head tilt –> cervical curve
what is the baby doing in terms of mm use etc. at 6 months –> 10 months
crawling + quadruped rocking –> lumbar lordosis development
when do babies start walking?
10+ months
is it normal to see heaps of transverse motion when a kid 10 months-1.5 years is walking?
yuass
what is sheurmann’s kyphosis?
anterior wedging of 3 consecutive vertebrae. pain isn’t usually severe, pain is usually mid scapular region, aching, with prolonged sitting/standing. bracing is usually the treatment but surgery might be indicated. patients will finding sleeping and sitting really difficult
what is a normal angle of kyphosis?
20-45 degrees
what is a normal range for lordotic curve?
20 (7y/o)-55 (2 y/o)
When you see heaps of lordosis - that could be a red flag of what?
- osteomalacia (softening of bones)
- TB
if a patient reports night pain what is this a red flag?
tumour or infection, referred from intra-abdominal + intrathoracic pathologies e.g. inflam. bowel disease, hydrionephrosis, UTI, ovarian cysts
if a kid less than 4 years has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)
infection or neoplasm
if a kid under 4-10 y/o has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)
diskitis, vertebral osteomyelitis or neoplasms.
what are some other ddx. of back pain?
spondylolysis (sliding of vertebra), Sheuermann’s kyphosis, disk herniation, slipped or # vertebral apophysis
if a kid over 10 y/o has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)
pain secondary to trauma or overuse
what is the most common cause of thoracic pain in adolescents (M>F)
Sheuermann’s kyphosis
at the end of the embryonic period are all elements of the HJ present?
yes! how exciting!
at the end of the embryonic period all elements of the HJ are present
when does ossification of the ilium begin?
9 weeks
when does ossification of the ischium begin?
16 weeks
at birth is the acetabulum completely cartilaginous?
yes! at birth the acetabulum is completely cartilaginous
by what age is the majority of the acetabulum shape and depth determined by?
the majority of the acetabulum shape and depth is determined by 8 years
