spinal and pelvis development

Question 1

when is the first ultrasound in pregnancy?

Answer 1

8 weeks

Question 2

what is one of the first things you’ll be able to visualise on an ultrasound?

Answer 2

spine due to early ossification centres - starts to be visible by 8th week

Question 3

how do the vertebrae form iin the early years of life

Answer 3

at beach each vertebrae consists of 3 bony parts connected by cartilage. these arches usually fuse at 3-5 years (so the closer you get to this age the less likely you’ll be able to alter things)

Question 4

where to the ‘arches’ in the spine start to fuse first?

Answer 4

lumbar region then progress cranially

Question 5

what shape is a foetus/baby’s spine?

Answer 5

kyphotic

Question 6

from birth to 6 months what is the baby doing in terms of mm use etc.

Answer 6

tummy time + head tilt –> cervical curve

Question 7

what is the baby doing in terms of mm use etc. at 6 months –> 10 months

Answer 7

crawling + quadruped rocking –> lumbar lordosis development

Question 8

when do babies start walking?

Answer 8

10+ months

Question 9

is it normal to see heaps of transverse motion when a kid 10 months-1.5 years is walking?

Answer 9

yuass

Question 10

what is sheurmann’s kyphosis?

Answer 10

anterior wedging of 3 consecutive vertebrae. pain isn’t usually severe, pain is usually mid scapular region, aching, with prolonged sitting/standing. bracing is usually the treatment but surgery might be indicated. patients will finding sleeping and sitting really difficult

Question 11

what is a normal angle of kyphosis?

Answer 11

20-45 degrees

Question 12

what is a normal range for lordotic curve?

Answer 12

20 (7y/o)-55 (2 y/o)

Question 13

When you see heaps of lordosis - that could be a red flag of what?

Answer 13

• osteomalacia (softening of bones)

- TB

Question 14

if a patient reports night pain what is this a red flag?

Answer 14

tumour or infection, referred from intra-abdominal + intrathoracic pathologies e.g. inflam. bowel disease, hydrionephrosis, UTI, ovarian cysts

Question 15

if a kid less than 4 years has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)

Answer 15

infection or neoplasm

Question 16

if a kid under 4-10 y/o has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)

Answer 16

diskitis, vertebral osteomyelitis or neoplasms.

Question 17

what are some other ddx. of back pain?

Answer 17

spondylolysis (sliding of vertebra), Sheuermann’s kyphosis, disk herniation, slipped or # vertebral apophysis

Question 18

if a kid over 10 y/o has back pain what do you think it is? (red flag type stuff)

Answer 18

pain secondary to trauma or overuse

Question 19

what is the most common cause of thoracic pain in adolescents (M>F)

Answer 19

Sheuermann’s kyphosis

Question 20

at the end of the embryonic period are all elements of the HJ present?

Answer 20

yes! how exciting!

at the end of the embryonic period all elements of the HJ are present

Question 21

when does ossification of the ilium begin?

Answer 21

9 weeks

Question 22

when does ossification of the ischium begin?

Answer 22

16 weeks

Question 23

at birth is the acetabulum completely cartilaginous?

Answer 23

yes! at birth the acetabulum is completely cartilaginous

Question 24

by what age is the majority of the acetabulum shape and depth determined by?

Answer 24

the majority of the acetabulum shape and depth is determined by 8 years

Question 25

when do the 3 acetabulum epihyseal centres fuse by (what age)?

Answer 25

17-18