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pod paeds > pre-natal development: elaborate version > Flashcards

pre-natal development: elaborate version Flashcards

1
Q

when is the ‘embryonic phase’

A

embryonic phase is until 8 weeks post fertilization

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2
Q

when is the ‘foetal phase’

A

foetal phase is 9 weeks onwards

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3
Q

name the 3 broad tissue types in an embryonic cell mass

A
  • ectoderm (epidermis + nerve tissue)
  • mesoderm (skeletal, mm, blood)
  • endoderm (GIT, respiratory linings)
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4
Q

how many Carnegie stages or horizons are there in the embryonic period?

A

23.

fun fact: by stage 23 (week 8) more than 90% of the identifiable structures of the adult body have appeared

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5
Q

what happens in week 1 ?

A
  • cell division with reduction in cytoplasmic volume
  • loss of zona pellucida
  • free blastocyte
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6
Q

what happens in week 2?

A
  • implantation
  • extraembryonic mesoderm
  • primitive streak
  • gastrulation
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7
Q

what happens in week 3:

A
  • gastrulation
    -notochordal process
  • primitive put
    -notochordal canal
    -somitogenesis
  • head fold
    somite number 1-3
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8
Q

what happens in week 4

A

somite 4-12 neural fold fuses
somite number 13-20 rostral neuropore closes
somite number 21-29 caudal neuropore closes

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9
Q

what happens in week 5

A 
somite number 30
leg buds
lens placode
pharyngeal arches
lens pit
optic cup
lens vesicle
nasal pit
hand plate
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10
Q

what happens in week 6

A

nasal pits moved ventrally
auricular hillocks
foot plate
finger rays

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11
Q

what happens in week 7

A

OSSIFICATION COMMENCES

straightening of the trunk

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12
Q

when does ossification commence?

A

week 7 yoooooo

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13
Q

what happens in week 8

A

upper limbs longer and bent at elbow
hands and feet turned inward
eyelids, external ears
rounded body, head and limbs

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14
Q

outline embryonic limb development (and when)

A

3 weeks: minor swelling appears at site of future limb bud
4 weeks: buds appear at level of lumbar myotomes
4 weeks + 2 days: distends laterally from the trunk
~5 weeks: limb bud extends distal toward sacral myotomes and length increases

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15
Q

tell me some fun facts about embryonic limb development

A
  • all segments lie in transverse plane, relatively perpendicular to the trunk
  • all segments are discernible by week 7
  • by week 8 there is distinciton between thigh, leg and foot. ossification points of fibula appear. all basic organ development is complete
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16
Q

when do congenital foot deformities occur?

A

all before the 7th embryonic week… e.g. talipes equinovarus (TEV)

17
Q

outline embryonic foot development

A

week 5: foot ‘disk’ recognisable but toes/rays are not yet identifiable.
week 6: inward rotation continues, including of the leg
digital rays become progressively more distinct. toes are spread
@ week 7 the foot structure is clearly recognisable, plantar surfaces face medial, dorsal surface lateral
foot is in equinus. entire limb externally rotated

18
Q

what happens in week 9-12

A
  • organs cont to grow
  • eyelids close
  • nails and teeth develop
  • genitals appear
  • liver is making RBCs
  • active (but can’t be felt by mum)
19
Q

what happens in week 13-16

A
  • skin is transparent
  • covered in lanugo (hairy gunk)
  • pancreas and liver secretes
  • leg is externally rotated at hip, knees flexed, foot in equinus
20
Q

what is the foot/leg position in week 13-16

A

leg is externally rotated at hip
knees flexed
foot in equinus

21
Q

what happens in week 17-28

A

foetus can hear/swallow
will stretch and move
meconium (dark green first poo)
bone marrow fc
starts to store fat: focus on getting biiig
– leg remains externally rotated at hips, knees flexed, AJs in equinus

22
Q

what happens in week 29-40

A
  • brain grows rapidly
  • some nervous control gained
  • lungs still develop
  • bones developed
  • gains weight
23
Q

what is the foot/leg position in week 17-28

A

leg remains externally rotated at hips, knees flexed, AJs in equinus

24
Q

what’s going on with lower limb/ foot position during the last trimester?

A

lower limb remains folded in fetal position
feet slightly inverted and PF
one leg/foot is crossed over the other

25
Q

what is the difference between ossification and ossified

A

ossification: when the bone begins to solidity
ossified: when it fuses/stops growing

26
Q

what does chondrification mean?

A

formation or conversion into cartilage

27
Q

what is normal number of weeks of preganancy?

A

average preggaz = 40 weeks

28
Q

what is the average weight of a baby?

A

average weight of a newborn:

  1. 5kg
  2. 7 lbs
29
Q

how long is the average baby?

A

average length of a newborn = 50cm

pod paeds (8 decks)

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