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Neurology > Spinal and Nerve Diseases > Flashcards

Spinal and Nerve Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How do you differentiate between UMN and LMN of the nervous system?

A

UMN is above the anterior horn cell and LMN is below it.

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2
Q

How do you differentiate between UMN and LMN lesion signs?

A

UMN
Hyperreflexia, hypertonic, weakness, babinski positive, absent fasciculation and atrophy
LMN
Absent reflexes, weakness, hypotonic, fasciculation and atrophy and babinksi negative

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3
Q

What nerve supplies the elbow flexors?

A

C5

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the wrist extensors?

A

C6

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the elbow extensors?

A

C7

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6
Q

What nerve supplies the finger extensors?

A

C8

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7
Q

What nerve supplies the intrinsic hand muscles?

A

T1

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the hip flexors?

A

L2

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9
Q

What nerve supplies the knee extensors?

A

L3

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the ankle dorsiflexors?

A

L4

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the long toe extensors?

A

L5

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12
Q

What nerve supplies the ankle plantar flexors?

A

S1

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13
Q

What are the three red flags for cauda equina?

A

Bilateral sciatica
Saddle anaesthesia
Urinary dysfunction
Caused by compression of all the nerve roots of the lumbar spine

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14
Q

What are three causes of a degenerative spine?

A

Disc prolapse
Ligamentum Hypertrophy
Osteophyte formation

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15
Q

What are three spinal cord infections?

A

Discitis
Osteomyelitis
Epidural abscess

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16
Q

What are three red flags for an epidural abscess?

A

Pyrexia
New onset back pain
Focal neurology

17
Q

What are some risk factors for an epidural abscess

A

Drug abuse IV
Excess alcohol intake
Chronic renal failure
Diabetes

18
Q

How are epidural abscesses managed?

A

Emergency decompressive surgery then long term IV antibiotics

19
Q

What are some risk factors for osteomyelitis?

A 
Alcoholism
HIV
IV drug abuse
Chronic renal failure
Diabetes
Manage with antibiotics

Neurology (21 decks)

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