Spinal Anatomy Pt 2

Question 1

What are the following characteristics of the Atlanto Occipital Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 1

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Condylar
3) Bones involved - Occipital Condyles, C1 Sup Facet
4) Range of Motion - Flex/Ext and slight Lat Bend and Rot
5) Muscles Acting
Flex - Longus Capitus and Rectus Anterior
Ext - SCM, Semispinalis and Splenius
Lat Bend - Rectus Lateralis, SCM and Traps
6) Innervation - C1 Spinal Nerve

Question 2

What are the following characteristics of the Median Atlanto-Axial Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 2

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Pivot
3) Bones involved - C1 Ant Arch and C2 Dens
4) Range of Motion - Rotation
5) Muscles Acting - SCM, Semispinalis capitis
6) Innervation - C2 Spinal Nerve

Question 3

What are the following characteristics of the Lateral Atlanto Axial Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 3

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - C1 Lateral Masses and C2 Sup Facets
4) Range of Motion - Rotation and Flex/Ext
5) Muscles Acting - SCM, Semispinalis Capitis
6) Innervation - C2 Spinal Nerve

Question 4

What are the following characteristics of the Cervical Zygapophyseal Joints

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation
7) Orientation

Answer 4

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - Sup and Inf Articular Facets
4) Range of Motion - Rotation, Flex/Ext
* * Joints are Long and Loose - Allow movement
* * 50% of Flex/Ext occurs at Occiput/C1
* * 50% of rotation occurs at C1/C2
5) Muscles Acting - Paraspinals
6) Innervation - Medial Branch of Dorsal Rami
7) Orientation - Sup - BUM, Inf - AIL

Question 5

What are the following characteristics of the Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joints

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation
7) Orientation

Answer 5

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - Sup and Inf Articular Facets
4) Range of Motion - Rotation and Flexion
5) Muscles Acting - Paraspinals
6) Innervation - Medial Branch of Dorsal Rami
7) Orientation - Sup - BUL, Inf - AIM

Question 6

What are the following characteristics of the Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joints

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation
7) Orientation

Answer 6

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - Sup and Inf Articular Facets
4) Range of Motion - Restrictive
* * Joints are Short and Tight - Restrictive
5) Muscles Acting - Paraspinals
6) Innervation - Medial Branch of Dorsal Rami
7) Orientation - Sup - BM, Inf - AIL

Question 7

What are the following characteristics of the Sacroiliac Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 7

1) Type - Atypical Synovial
2) Classification - Reciprocal Interlocking Planar
3) Bones involved - Auricular Surface Ilium and Sacrum
4) Range of Motion - Nutation/Counternutation
5) Muscles Acting - Erector Spinae and Psoas Major
6) Innervation - Sup Gluteal N, Branches from S1 and S2

Question 8

What are the following characteristics of the Costovertebral Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 8

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - Vertebal Body, Head of Rib
4) Range of Motion
Ribs 1-6 - Pump Handle
Ribs 7-12 - Bucket Handle
5) Muscles Acting - Intercostal and Diaphragm
6) Innervation - Segmental Spinal Nerve

Question 9

What are the following characteristics of the Costotransverse Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 9

1) Type - Synovial
2) Classification - Planar
3) Bones involved - Tubercle of Rib, Transverse Process
4) Range of Motion -
Ribs 1-6 - Rotation
Ribs 6-12 - Gliding
5) Muscles Acting - Intercostal and Diaphragm
6) Innervation - Segmental Spinal Nerve

Question 10

What are the following characteristics of the Costochondral Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 10

1) Type - Cartilaginous
2) Classification - Synchondrosis
3) Bones involved - Distal end of Rib and Cartilage
4) Range of Motion - none
5) Muscles Acting - Intercostal and Diaphragm
6) Innervation - Segmental Spinal Nerve

Question 11

What are the following characteristics of the Sternochonral Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 11

1) Type 
       1st is Cartilaginous
       2nd -7th are Synovial
2) Classification
       1st is Synchondrosis
       2nd - 7th are Planar
3) Bones involved - Cartilage and sternum
4) Range of Motion - pump handle
5) Muscles Acting - intercostal
6) Innervation - segmental spinal nerve

Question 12

What are the following characteristics of the Manubriosternal Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 12

1) Type - secondary cartilaginous
2) Classification - symphysis
3) Bones involved - manubrium and body of sternum
4) Range of Motion - little
5) Muscles Acting - intercostal
6) Innervation - segmental spinal nerve

Question 13

What are the following characteristics of the Xiphisternal Joint

1) Type
2) Classification
3) Bones involved
4) Range of Motion
5) Muscles Acting
6) Innervation

Answer 13

1) Type - Secondary Cartilaginous
2) Classification - symphysis
3) Bones involved - body of sternum and Xiphoid
4) Range of Motion - little
5) Muscles Acting - intercostals, diaphragm and rectus abdominus
6) Innervation - segmental spinal nerve