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Part 1 Boards > Spinal Anatomy Pt 1 > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebra Develop from ________

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

_______ gives rise to the development of the vertebral column and spinal cord

A

Notochord

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3
Q

_______ gives rise to the nucleus pulposus of the IVD

A

Notochord

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4
Q

the notochord persists as what structure in the IVD

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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5
Q

Condensations of mesoderm that form around the Notochord called _______

A

Somites

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6
Q

What develops from somites?

A

Sclerotomes (Vertebrae)
Myotomes (Muscle)
Dermatomes (Peripheral Nerves and Skin)

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7
Q

What are the three primary ossification centers of Vertebrae

A

Centrum (body)

R and L Neural Arches

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8
Q

What are the secondary Ossification centers fro the vertebrae

A

Spinous Process
R and L Transverse Process
Top and Bottom vertebral Endplates

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9
Q

What are the 4 different Myotomes and what develops from each of them?

A

Somatic - skeletal muscle
splanchnic - smooth muscle
epimere - extensor muscles
hypomere - flexor muscles

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10
Q

What is the name of the process by which mesoderm is replaces by cartilage

A

Chondrification

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11
Q

what is the name of the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone?

A

Ossification

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12
Q

What are the two types of ossification? What is the difference?

A

Intramembranous - bone formed within a membrane

Intracartilagenous - bone formed within cartilage

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13
Q

What are Unique cervical vertebra characteristics

A

Body Shape - Rectangular
Bifid Spinous
Transverse Formina
Anterior and Posterior Tubercles on Transverse

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14
Q

What are Unique Thoracic Vertebra Characteristics

A

Body Shape - Heart Shaped
Sloped Spinous
Costal Facets on body and Transverse Process

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15
Q

What are unique lumbar vertebra Characteristics

A

Body Shape - Kidney
Quadrangular Spinous Process
Mammilary and Accessory process

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16
Q

What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebra? What are their Features?

A

C1 - Atlas - No Body, Lateral Masses, Ant and Post Arch with Groove for vertebral artery

C2 - Axis - Dens (Odontoid)

C6 - Carotid Tubercle

C7 - Vertebral Prominens

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17
Q

What are the Facet Orientations in the Spine?

A 
Cervical - Sup = BUM in coronal plane
                   Inf = AIL
Thoracic - Sup = BUL in coronal plane
                    Inf = AIM
Lumbar - Sup = BM in Sagital Plane
                   Inf = AIL
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18
Q

______ ligament runs from sacrum to occiput and prevents hyperextension

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

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19
Q

Which ligament is thicker and stronger?
A) ALL
B) PLL

A

A) ALL

20
Q

_______ ligament funs from C2 to sacrum and prevents Hyperflexion

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

21
Q

What does the PLL continue as about C2?

A

Tentorial Membrane

22
Q

_____ ligament connects the tips of spinous processes and prevents hyperflexion

A

Supraspinous ligament

23
Q

What ligament is the nuchal ligament a continuation of? where does the transition from this ligament into nuchal ligament occur?

A

Supraspinous Ligament

- Turns into Nuchal ligament at C7

24
Q

_______ ligament runs in between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

A

Interspinous

25
Q

What motion does interspinous ligament limit?

A

Flexion

26
Q

_______ connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and limits flexion

A

Ligamentum Flavum

27
Q

Which ligament in the spinal column contains a lot of elastic tissue and prevents buckling in extension

A

Ligamentum Flavum

28
Q

_______ ligament runs between transverse processes and limits lateral bending

A

Intertransverse ligament

29
Q

______ ligament runs from the posterolateral aspect of the dens to the medial aspect of the condyles

A

Alar Ligament

30
Q

What motion does the alar ligament help prevent

A

Axial Rotation

31
Q

______ ligament runs from the apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum

A

Apical Ligament

32
Q

What are the parts of the Cruciate Ligament? What motion does this ligament limit collectively

A

Transverse ligament makes up horizontal aspect of “cross”

Superior and Inferior Longitudinal ligaments make up the vertical part of the “cross”

limits lateral translation

33
Q

What type of collagen makes up the nucleus propolsus? The annulus fibrosus?

A

Annulus (outer) - Type 1

Nucleus (inner) - Type 2

34
Q

The annulus fibrosus is made up of how many concentric laminae? what degree do they run at

A

15-20

65 Degrees from vertical

35
Q

where are the IVD thickest? Thinnest?

A

Thickest in lumbars

Thinnest in Thoracics

36
Q

how does the IVD gets its nutrients?

A

By diffusion through vertebral endplates

37
Q

How many IVD’s are there?

A

23 (none between C1 and C2)

38
Q

What are the Boundaries of the IVF

A

Sup - Pedicle and Inferior Vertebral Notch
Ant - IVD and adjacent vertebral bodies
Inf - Pedicle and Superior Vertebral Notch
Post - Zygapophyseal Joint and Capsule

39
Q

What are the contents of the IVF

A

Spinal Nerve, Spinal Nerve Roots, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Spinal Artery and Veins, Sinuvertebral Nerves, Fat and Transforaminal Ligaments

40
Q

the spinal canal extends from the _____ to the ____

A

Foramen Magnum to the bottom of the sacrum

41
Q

What are the Boundaries of the Spinal Canal

A

Anterior - Vertebral Bodies
Posterior - Neural Arch
Lateral - Pedicles

42
Q

What are the contents of the spinal canal

A

Spinal Cord, Spinal nerve roots, Meninges, CSF, Blood vessels and CT

43
Q

In what region of the Spine is the Spinal Canal the smallest? the largest?

A

Smallest - Thoracic

Largest - Cervical

44
Q

In what region of the spine is the most common site for cord compression

A

Cervical

45
Q

Where is the spinal cord the widest?

A

C6

46
Q

What is the shape of the spinal canal in the Cervical region? Thoracic region? Lumbar region?

A

Cervical - Triangular
Thoracic - Oval
Lumbar - Triangular

Part 1 Boards (3 decks)

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