Spinal Anatomy Pt 1 Flashcards
Vertebra Develop from ________
mesoderm
_______ gives rise to the development of the vertebral column and spinal cord
Notochord
_______ gives rise to the nucleus pulposus of the IVD
Notochord
the notochord persists as what structure in the IVD
Nucleus Pulposus
Condensations of mesoderm that form around the Notochord called _______
Somites
What develops from somites?
Sclerotomes (Vertebrae)
Myotomes (Muscle)
Dermatomes (Peripheral Nerves and Skin)
What are the three primary ossification centers of Vertebrae
Centrum (body)
R and L Neural Arches
What are the secondary Ossification centers fro the vertebrae
Spinous Process
R and L Transverse Process
Top and Bottom vertebral Endplates
What are the 4 different Myotomes and what develops from each of them?
Somatic - skeletal muscle
splanchnic - smooth muscle
epimere - extensor muscles
hypomere - flexor muscles
What is the name of the process by which mesoderm is replaces by cartilage
Chondrification
what is the name of the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone?
Ossification
What are the two types of ossification? What is the difference?
Intramembranous - bone formed within a membrane
Intracartilagenous - bone formed within cartilage
What are Unique cervical vertebra characteristics
Body Shape - Rectangular
Bifid Spinous
Transverse Formina
Anterior and Posterior Tubercles on Transverse
What are Unique Thoracic Vertebra Characteristics
Body Shape - Heart Shaped
Sloped Spinous
Costal Facets on body and Transverse Process
What are unique lumbar vertebra Characteristics
Body Shape - Kidney
Quadrangular Spinous Process
Mammilary and Accessory process
What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebra? What are their Features?
C1 - Atlas - No Body, Lateral Masses, Ant and Post Arch with Groove for vertebral artery
C2 - Axis - Dens (Odontoid)
C6 - Carotid Tubercle
C7 - Vertebral Prominens
What are the Facet Orientations in the Spine?
Cervical - Sup = BUM in coronal plane
Inf = AIL
Thoracic - Sup = BUL in coronal plane
Inf = AIM
Lumbar - Sup = BM in Sagital Plane
Inf = AIL______ ligament runs from sacrum to occiput and prevents hyperextension
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Which ligament is thicker and stronger?
A) ALL
B) PLL
A) ALL
_______ ligament funs from C2 to sacrum and prevents Hyperflexion
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
What does the PLL continue as about C2?
Tentorial Membrane
_____ ligament connects the tips of spinous processes and prevents hyperflexion
Supraspinous ligament
What ligament is the nuchal ligament a continuation of? where does the transition from this ligament into nuchal ligament occur?
Supraspinous Ligament
- Turns into Nuchal ligament at C7
_______ ligament runs in between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
Interspinous
What motion does interspinous ligament limit?
Flexion
_______ connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and limits flexion
Ligamentum Flavum
Which ligament in the spinal column contains a lot of elastic tissue and prevents buckling in extension
Ligamentum Flavum
_______ ligament runs between transverse processes and limits lateral bending
Intertransverse ligament
______ ligament runs from the posterolateral aspect of the dens to the medial aspect of the condyles
Alar Ligament
What motion does the alar ligament help prevent
Axial Rotation
______ ligament runs from the apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum
Apical Ligament
What are the parts of the Cruciate Ligament? What motion does this ligament limit collectively
Transverse ligament makes up horizontal aspect of “cross”
Superior and Inferior Longitudinal ligaments make up the vertical part of the “cross”
limits lateral translation
What type of collagen makes up the nucleus propolsus? The annulus fibrosus?
Annulus (outer) - Type 1
Nucleus (inner) - Type 2
The annulus fibrosus is made up of how many concentric laminae? what degree do they run at
15-20
65 Degrees from vertical
where are the IVD thickest? Thinnest?
Thickest in lumbars
Thinnest in Thoracics
how does the IVD gets its nutrients?
By diffusion through vertebral endplates
How many IVD’s are there?
23 (none between C1 and C2)
What are the Boundaries of the IVF
Sup - Pedicle and Inferior Vertebral Notch
Ant - IVD and adjacent vertebral bodies
Inf - Pedicle and Superior Vertebral Notch
Post - Zygapophyseal Joint and Capsule
What are the contents of the IVF
Spinal Nerve, Spinal Nerve Roots, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Spinal Artery and Veins, Sinuvertebral Nerves, Fat and Transforaminal Ligaments
the spinal canal extends from the _____ to the ____
Foramen Magnum to the bottom of the sacrum
What are the Boundaries of the Spinal Canal
Anterior - Vertebral Bodies
Posterior - Neural Arch
Lateral - Pedicles
What are the contents of the spinal canal
Spinal Cord, Spinal nerve roots, Meninges, CSF, Blood vessels and CT
In what region of the Spine is the Spinal Canal the smallest? the largest?
Smallest - Thoracic
Largest - Cervical
In what region of the spine is the most common site for cord compression
Cervical
Where is the spinal cord the widest?
C6
What is the shape of the spinal canal in the Cervical region? Thoracic region? Lumbar region?
Cervical - Triangular
Thoracic - Oval
Lumbar - Triangular
