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Anatomy Lab > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cords inferior end tapers to form___

A

conus medullaris

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2
Q

what are the longitudinal depressions of the spinal cord

A

Posterior median sulcus and Anterior median fissure

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3
Q

name the four parts of the spinal cord

A

lumbar, sacral, thoracic , cervical

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4
Q

what is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

A

neurons innervating upper limbs

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5
Q

what is the Lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord

A

neurons innervating lower limbs

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6
Q

what is a nerve

A

cable like bundles of axons

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7
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers the nerve

A

Epineurium

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8
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers each fascicle

A

perineurium

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9
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers each axon

A

endoneurium

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10
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are in the spinal cord

A

31

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11
Q

what does the Posterior root of a spinal nerve contain?

A

sensory neurons

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12
Q

what does the posterior root
ganglion of the spinal nerve contain?

A

contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

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13
Q

what needs to merge to form roots?

A

rootlets

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14
Q

which root contains motor neurons

A

anterior root

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15
Q

collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord is known as the

A

cauda equina

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16
Q

where does the spinal cord end ?

A

inferior border of L1 vertebra

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17
Q

what houses the spinal cord

A

Vertebral column

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18
Q

from which foramen does each spinal nerve exists through

A

intervertebral foramen

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19
Q

what are the spinal cord meninges

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater and dura mater

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20
Q

what are the lateral extensions of pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord in place

A

Denticulate ligaments

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21
Q

The pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx by forming a thin strand called

A

Filum terminale

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22
Q

which meninge is external to pia and contains a web-like layer

A

arachnoid mater

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23
Q

what is the area deep to arachnoid through which CSF flows

A

subarachnoid space

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24
Q

which meninge is tough and is the outermost layer

A

dura mater

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25
Q

what is the space between dura and arachnoid called

A

Subdural space

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26
Q

what is the space between dura and the vertebra called

A

epidural space

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27
Q

what is gray matter made of

A

neuron’s cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated
axons; also glial cells

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28
Q

what do the Posterior horns of the spinal cord contain

A

axons of sensory neurons and cell
bodies of interneurons

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29
Q

what do the Anterior horns of the spinal cord contain

A

cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

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30
Q

what do the lateral horns of the spinal cord contain

A

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

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31
Q

what is the Horizontal band of gray matter surrounding central canal

A

Gray commissure

32
Q

Gray commissure contains

A

unmyelinated axons connecting left and right gray matter

33
Q

what is a nuclei

A

group of cell bodies

34
Q

which nuclei in posterior horn contain interneurons

A

sensory nuclei

35
Q

Somatic sensory nuclei receive signals from

A

skin, muscle, joints

36
Q

Visceral sensory nuclei receive signals from

A

blood vessels, viscera

37
Q

what does the Somatic motor nuclei (anterior) innervate

A

skeletal muscle

38
Q

what does the Autonomic motor nuclei (lateral) innervate

A

smooth muscle, hear glands

39
Q

what is white matter

A

myelinated axons to and from the brain

40
Q

what are the regions of white matter

A

Posterior funiculus, anterior funiculus, lateral funiculus

41
Q

which region of white matter contains axon bundles called fasciculi

A

Posterior funiculus

42
Q

which region of white matter Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts

A

lateral and anterior funiculus

43
Q

what are small branches of autonomic fibers called

A

Rami communicantes

44
Q

After intervertebral foramen, spinal nerve splits into

A

Posterior ramus and ventral ramus

45
Q

what is a Segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve called

A

Dermatomes

46
Q

Dermatomes is involved in

A

referred visceral pain

47
Q

what is a network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves called

A

nerve plexus

48
Q

T or F : Most thoracic spinal nerves and nerves S5–Co1 do not form plexuses

A

True

49
Q

what kind of nerves are located between ribs

A

Intercostal nerves

50
Q

what kind of nerve is T12 and is located inferior to ribs

A

subcostal nerve

51
Q

what is the anterior rami of C1–C4 called

A

Cervical plexuses

52
Q

what is the name of a mixed nerve that controls the diaphragm, the main muscle used for breathing.

A

phrenic nerve

53
Q

what are brachial plexuses composed of

A

anterior rami, trunks, divisions, cords

54
Q

Rami unite to form trunks in posterior triangle of the neck, name those trunks

A

superior trunk, middle trunk and inferior trunk

55
Q

Trunks divide into

A

anterior and posterior divisions

56
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of C5–T1

57
Q

name the three cords of brachial plexus

A

posterior, medial and lateral

58
Q

the Brachial plexus cords give rise to 5

A

terminal branches

59
Q

name the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus cords

A

axillary, median, Musculocutaneous , radial and ulnar nerve

60
Q

the lumbar plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of L1–L4

61
Q

which nerves does the lumbar plexuses include

A

femoral nerve and Obturator nerve

62
Q

the sacral plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of L4–S4

63
Q

which nerve is the longest and largest in the body

A

sciatic nerve

64
Q

name the nerves of the sacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve,tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve

65
Q

Lateral horns of the gray matter are only present in parts

A

T1-L2

66
Q

what is required to initiate a reflex

A

a stimulus

67
Q

a response is __

A

rapid, preprogrammed and involuntary

68
Q

what is a reflex

A

repaid preprogrammed, involuntary responses of muscles or glands to a stimulus

69
Q

what is a neural pathway called that is responsible for generating the response

A

reflex arc

70
Q

what do stretch and Golgi tendon reflexes rely on

A

proprioceptors

71
Q

which proprioceptor detects stretch in a muscle

A

muscle spindle

72
Q

what does a spindle contain

A

intrafusal muscle fibers innervated by gamma motor neurons

73
Q

a stretch reflex is classified as

A

spinal, somatic, monosynaptic and ipsilateral, innate

74
Q

which reflex prevents muscles from contracting excessively

A

tendon reflex

75
Q

what detects excessive tension

A

Golgi tendon organs

76
Q

which reflex pulls a body part away from a painful stimulus

A

withdrawal reflex

77
Q

which reflex occurs in conjunction with withdrawal reflex

A

crossed - extensor reflex

Anatomy Lab (2 decks)

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