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Obstetrics and Gynaecology > Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 primitive tracts which determine sex?

A

Wollfian Ducts

Mullerian Ducts

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2
Q

What cells secrete testosterone?

A

Leydig Cells

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3
Q

What cells secrete Mullerian Inhibiting Factor?

A

Seroteli Cells

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4
Q

What are testosterone and Mullerian Inhibiting Factor responsible for?

A

development of male internal genital tract

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5
Q

What are the 3 components of the male genital tract?

A

Epidymis
Vas Deferena
Seminal Vesicles

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6
Q

What are the 4 components of the female genital tract?

A

Uterus
Fallopian Tube
Cervix
Upper 1/3 of vagina

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7
Q

When do external genitalia begin to differentiate from?

A

9 weeks

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8
Q

When are you able to recognise external genitalia on a scan?

A

16 weeks

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9
Q

What happens initially when an ovum is fertilised by a Y sperm?

A

Y chromosome differentiates the undifferentiated gonads into testes

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10
Q

What do the testes secrete?

A

testosterone

Mullerian Inhibiting Factor

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11
Q

what does testosterone do?

A

external genitalia

transforms wollfian ducts into male reproductive tracts

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12
Q

What does mullerian inhibiting factor do?

A

degenerates mullerian ducts

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13
Q

What happens initially when an ovum is fertilised by a X sperm?

A

No Y chromosome so no sex determining region - gonads develop into ovaries

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14
Q

What happens when there is no testosterone and no MIF?

A

degeneration of wollfian tracts

mullerian ducts transform into female reproductive tracts

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15
Q

What happens when the wollfian ducts degenerate?

A

formation of cliterus and labia

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16
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome more commonly known as?

A

Testicular Feminisation

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17
Q

What is TF?

A

x linked recessive insensitivity to androgens e.g. testosterone

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18
Q

How does TF usually present as?

A

puberty with 1o amenhorrhoea

lack of 2o sexual characteristics

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19
Q

What is the pathology behind TF?

A

testis develop but do not descend
absent uterus/ovaries
No androgens - therefore, female external genitalia

20
Q

What is the function of the testis?

A

spermatogenesis

production of testosterone

21
Q

Where does production of sperm occur?

A

semiferous tubules

22
Q

Where do the testis develop and descend to (before birth)?

A

scrotal sac

23
Q

What is the testicular artery a branch of?

A

aorta

24
Q

Where does the left testicular vein join onto?

A

left renal vein

25
Q

where does the left renal vein join to?

A

inferior vena cava

26
Q

What muscle is responsible for contraction of scrotal sac?

A

dartos and cremaster muscle

27
Q

What is cryptochorchism most commonly known as?

A

Undescended testes (UT)

28
Q

What is UT?

A

pt reaches adolescence/adulthood with undescended testes

29
Q

When do testes usually descend?

A

6-9 months

30
Q

What is the treatment for UT from 12 months to 12 years?

A

Orchidoplexy

31
Q

What there is a strong risk of in unmanaged UT from 12 months to 12 years?

A

testicular germ cancer

32
Q

What is the treatment for UT in adults?

A

Orchidectomy

33
Q

What do serotali cells secrete?

A

seminiferous fluid
androgen binding globulin
inhibin and activin hormones

34
Q

What causes negative feedback of FSH?

A

Inhibin

35
Q

What causes negative feedback of LH?

A

Testosterone

36
Q

What causes gonadotrophin release from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

GNRH

37
Q

What are the gonadotrophins?

A

LH and FSH

38
Q

What cells fo LH act on?

A

Leydig cells

39
Q

What cells to FSH act on?

A

Serotelli cells

40
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampullae of fallopian tubes

41
Q

What is the function of the epididymis and vas deferens?

A

concentrate and store sperm

site for sperm maturation

42
Q

what is the function of seminal vesicles?

A

supply fructose
secrete prostaglandins - motility
secrete fibrinogen - close precursor

43
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

produces alkaline fluid - neutralises vaginal activity

produces clotting enzymes to close semen in women

44
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

A

secrete mucus - acts as a lubricant

45
Q

What is the route of sperm?

A 
testes 
epididymis 
vas deferens 
Ejectulatory duct 
urethra
46
Q

What is filled with blood during an erection?

A

corpora cavenosa

47
Q

what innovates an erection?

A

parasympathetic

Obstetrics and Gynaecology (7 decks)

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