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SPERM1 Flashcards

1
Q

spermatogenesis

A

semineferous tubules

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2
Q

epididymis

A

sperm maturation

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3
Q

dectus deferens

A

propel sperm to ejaculatory duct

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

provides nutrients for sperm and fluid

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5
Q

prostate glands

A

provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

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6
Q

bulbourethal gland

A

add alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity

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7
Q

reasons for seminalysis

A

fertility testing, post-vasectomy seminal analysis, forensic analysis

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8
Q

most common cause of infertility

A

variocele

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9
Q

sperm head of variocele

A

tampered

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10
Q

semen composition of spermatozoa

A

5%

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11
Q

sperm composition of seminal fluid

A

60-70%

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12
Q

sperm composition of prostatic fluid

A

20-30%

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13
Q

sperm composition of bulbourethal gland

A

5%

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14
Q

methods of collection

A

masturbation method, condom method, coitus interrupts

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15
Q

best method for collection of sperm

A

masturbation method

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16
Q

condom method used

A

non-lubricant, polyurethene condom

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17
Q

In specimen collection, sexual abstinence period must be

A

not less than 2 days or not more than 7 days

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18
Q

prolonged abstinence lead to

A

high volume, low sperm motility, high flavin( grayish appearance)

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19
Q

First portion is missing to ejaculate

A

low sperm count, high pH, specimen will not liquify

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20
Q

last portion is missing to ejaculate

A

high sperm count, low pH, specimen will not clot

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21
Q

If collected at home, specimen must be kept at _____temperature and delivered to the lab within _____________

A

37 DEGREES C,1 hour

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22
Q

Specimens that don’t liquefy must be treated must be treated with

A

amylase, bromelain, alpha-chymotrypsin

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23
Q

For fertility testing, the sample must be: and the result must be:

A

Strasinger (6): 2-3 sample; not less than 7 days, not more than 3 weeks apart
Strasinger (5) 2-3 sample;2 weeks interval
Result: 2 abnormal samples= significant

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24
Q

appearance of sperm

A

grayish-white, translucent, musty brown/bleach odor

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25
Q

result of appearance of sperm

A

Infection: white turbiidty
rbc/brown color: increased rbc
yellow color: urine contamination, medication, high flavin

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26
Q

volume of sperm

A

2-5 mL

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27
Q

results of volume of sperm

A

increased: abstinence
decreased: infertility

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28
Q

viscosity

A

normal droplets

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29
Q

result of viscocity

A

increased: low sperm motility
abnormal: threads (2cm long)
reporting: 0-watery
4-gel like

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30
Q

pH

A

7.2-8.0

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31
Q

result of pH

A

increased pH: infection
decreased pH: increased prostatic fluid

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32
Q

normal specimen concentration

A

> 20M/mL

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33
Q

NORMAL TOTAL SPERM COUNT

A

> 40 M/ejaculate

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34
Q

2 composition or counting

A

improved neubauer counter chamber
makler counting chamber

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35
Q

improved neubauer has:

A

Dilution: 1:20
Components: 1.) formalin +sodium bicarbonate; 2.) saline, 3.)distilled water, 4.) cold tap water

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36
Q

Makler counting chamber

A

used for undiluted specimens

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37
Q

NORMAL MOTILITY

A

> 50 % within 1 hour

38
Q

sperm motility grading: no movement, d

39
Q

sperm motility grading: no forward progression, c

40
Q

sperm motility grading: slow forward progression, noticable lateral movement, b

41
Q

sperm motility grading: slower speed,some lateral movement, b

42
Q

sperm motility grading: rapid, straight line motility

43
Q

sperm moving linearly or in a large circle

A

PM (progressive motility)

44
Q

sperm moving with an absence of progression

A

NP(non-progressive motility)

45
Q

no movement

A

IM (immotility)

46
Q

NORMAL QUALITY

A

> 2.0 or a, b, c

47
Q

head of the sperm morphology

A

length: 5um
width: 3 ums
appearance: oval shaped head
acrosomal cap: 1/2 head;2/3 nucleus
abnormal: poor ovum penetration

48
Q

flagellar tail

A

approximately 45um long

49
Q

midpiece contains

A

mitochondria

50
Q

normal values of sperm morphology(routine)

51
Q

normal values for sperm morphology (Kruger’s strict criteria)

52
Q

stains in order to view sperm morphology

A

papanicolaou stain (preferred), wright’s stain, giemsa stain

53
Q

abnormal sperm viability

A

decreased (↓) motility, BUT normal count

54
Q

stain used in modified bloom’s test

A

eosin-nigrosin stain

55
Q

microscope used in modified bloom’s stain

A

bright field microscopy
phase-contrast microscopy

56
Q

INTERPRETATION OF MODIFIED BLOOM’S STAIN: RED

A

dead sperm

57
Q

INTERPRETATION OF MODIFIED BLOOM’S STAIN: bluish white(unstained)

A

living sperm

58
Q

50% or 75% living sperms

59
Q

↓ or absent of fructose

A

↓ sperm concentration

60
Q

screening test result for seminal fluid fructose

A

Resorcinol test/Seliwanoff’s test

61
Q

test result: positive fructose in seminal fluid fructose

A

orange color/red-orange

62
Q

concentration of seminal fluid fructose

A

≥ 13umol/ejaculate

63
Q

anti-sperm antibodies occur in both women and men; and can be detected in:

A

semen, cervical mucosa, serum

64
Q

2 test in antisperm antibodies

A

MAR and Immunobead test

65
Q

sperm motility read in

66
Q

_______if needed to be transported (i.e.,
collected in patient’s home)

A

room temperature

67
Q

awaiting analysis

A

37 degrees celcius

68
Q

_______it can be preserved in frozen
state and stored for one year at –85 °C (seminal banks)

A

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

69
Q

Detects presence of IgG antibodies
Reagent: AHG + latex particles or treated RBC coated with IgG

A

Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR)

70
Q

reagent of MAR

A

AHG + latex particles or treated RBC coated with IgG

71
Q

normal result of MAR

A

clump;<10% motile sperms attached to
latex particles

72
Q

Detects presence of IgG, IgA, & IgM antibodies
✓ Demonstrates what area of the sperm (head, neck, tail) the
autoantibodies are affecting

A

Immunobead Test

73
Q

normal immunobead test

A

presence of beads on <50% sperms

74
Q

reference semen chemical values for neutral-a-glucosidase

A

≥ 20 mU/ejaculate

75
Q

reference semen chemical values for zinc

A

≥ 2.4 umol/ejaculate

76
Q

reference semen for acid phosphatase

A

≥ 200 units/ejaculate

77
Q

frcutose

A

≥ 13 umol/ejaculate

78
Q

↓neutral a-glucosidase

A

epididymis disorder

79
Q

↓fructose

A

lack of seminal fluid

80
Q

↓zinc,citric acid, ACP

A

lack of prostate fluid

81
Q

immature sperm cell; without flagella

A

spermatids

82
Q

wbc

A

round cell

83
Q

normal round cell

A

<1million/mL

84
Q

abnormal round cell

A

> 1 million WBCs/mL = infection

> 1 million spermatids/mL
→ disruption of spermatogenesis

85
Q

parasites in sperms

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum

86
Q

NORMAL for microbial testing (others)

A

<1MILLION/mL

87
Q

More specific method IN SPECIMEN DETECTION

A

Glycoprotein p30 (aka Prostatic Specific Antigen)

88
Q

Florence test

A

test for choline
reagents: iodide crystals +potassium iodide
Color: (+) dark brown rhombic crystals

89
Q

Barbiero test

A

test for SPERMINE
reagents: saturated picric acid + trichloroacetic acid
Color: yellow-leaf like crystals

90
Q

cutting of vas deferens so that ejaculate will not contain any sperm

91
Q

Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)

A

Determines sperm:
1. Velocity
2. Trajectory
3. Concentration
4. Morphology

SPERM (2 decks)

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