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SPERM > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

1
Q

CSF is first recognized by

A

Cotugno(1764)

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2
Q

CSF is

A

third major body component

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3
Q

Functions of csf

A

Supply nutrients to CNS
Remove metabolic wastes
Mechanical barrier

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4
Q

csf is produced by

A

Choroid Plexuses of the
2 lumbar ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

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5
Q

csf is Reabsorbed in

A

blood capillaries in the Arachnoid Villi/Granulation

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6
Q

TOTAL VOLUME (ADULT)

A

90-150 mL

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7
Q

TOTAL VOLUME (NEONATES)

A

10-60 mL

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8
Q

RATE OF REABSORPTION/production

A

20 mL

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9
Q

tight-fitting junctures of endothelial cells in choroid plexuses that prevent passage of many molecules

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

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10
Q

20 mL collected through

A

lumbar puncture

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11
Q

Site of collection: (between) of csf

A

third and fourth OR fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra

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12
Q

Tube 1

A

chemistry/serology;freezing

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13
Q

tube 2

A

microbiology; RT

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14
Q

tube 3

A

hematology, RT

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15
Q

tube 4

A

ADDITIONAL TEST

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16
Q

if one tube only

A
  1. Microbiology
  2. Hematology
  3. Chemistry or Serology
  4. Other Tests
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17
Q

color of csf

A

colorless

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18
Q

viscosity of csf

A

same with water

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19
Q

clarity of csf

A

crystal clear

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20
Q

S.G of csf

A

1.006-1.008

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21
Q

pH of csf

A

7.30-7.35

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22
Q

pressure of csf

A

50 to 200 mm H20

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23
Q

SLIGHTLY HAZY

A

200-500 wbc/uL

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24
Q

cloudy

A

> 500 wbc/uL

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25
Q

turbid/milky

A

wbc,rbc,proteins, increased lipid concentration, microorganisms, aspirated epidurial fats, radiographic contrast media

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26
Q

CLOTTED

A

FROIN’S DISEASE

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27
Q

BLOODY

A

hemorrhage

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28
Q

VISCOUS

A

CRYPTOCCOCAL MENINGITIS

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29
Q

OILY

A

radiographic contrast media

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30
Q

PELLICLE FORMATION

A

tubercular Meningitis/ web-like upon refrigeration

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31
Q

Xanthochroma

A

presence of RBC degradation product

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32
Q

NORMAL CSF WBC COUNTS: adults

A

0-5 wbc/uL

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33
Q

NORMAL CSF WBC COUNTS: children

A

higher values

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34
Q

NORMAL CSF WBC COUNTS:neonates

A

0-30 mononuclears/uL

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35
Q

Slightly hazy

A

1:10

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36
Q

hazy

A

1:20

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37
Q

Slightly Cloudy

A

1:100

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38
Q

Slightly Bloody or Cloudy

A

1:200

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39
Q

Bloody or Turbid

A

1:10,100

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40
Q

wbc for every 700 rbc seen

A

-1

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41
Q

mg/dL TP concentration for every 1,200 RBC/uL

A

-1

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42
Q

mg/dL TP concentration for every 10,000 RBC/uL

A

-8

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43
Q

When performing differential count, the specimen should be:

A

1st: Concentrated
2nd: Smeared
3rd: Stained

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44
Q

methods of centrifugation

A

1.sedimentation
2.centrifugation (5-10 min)
3. cytocentrifugation

45
Q

cytocentrifugation has

A

0.1 mL of CSF + 30%albumin
Result: ↑cell yield;↓cellular distortion

46
Q

L: M RATIO IN ADULTS

A

70:30

47
Q

L:M RATIO IN INFANTS

A

30:70

48
Q

increased number of normal cells an ABNORMAL state

A

pleocystosis

49
Q

protein normal values: adults

A

15-45mg/dL

50
Q

protein normal values: infants

A

150 mg/dL

51
Q

protein normal values: immature

A

500 mg/dL

52
Q

Alpha-globulins

A

Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin

53
Q

Beta-globulins

A

Beta-2 Transferrin/Tau Protein

54
Q

gamma-globulin

A

IgG and some IgA

55
Q

not found in normal csf

A

IgA,IgM, IgA, beta-lipoprotein,fibrinogen

56
Q

2 methods in protein determination

A

turbidimetry production and dye binding

57
Q

adapted in automated instrumentation in the form of NEPHELOMETRY

A

turbidimetry method

58
Q

precipitates BOTH albumin & globulin;most preferred method

A

trichloroacetic acid (3%)

59
Q

precipitates albumin ONLY; to precipitate globulins, add sodium sulfate

A

bSulfosalicylic Acid (3% SSA)

60
Q

dye-binding

A

Dye: Coomasie Brilliant Blue
protein binds to dye (red to blue)
Result: ↑protein = ↑ blue color

61
Q

Evaluates BBB integrity

A

CSF/SERUM ALBUMIN INDEX

62
Q

normal index value

A

<9 = intact rbc

63
Q

9-14 index

A

SLIGHTLY IMPAIRMENT

64
Q

5-30 INDEX

A

MODERATE IMPARTMENT

65
Q

> 30

A

SEVERE IMPARTMENT

66
Q

100 INDEX

A

COMPLETE DAMEGE

67
Q

Measures IgG synthesis within the CNS

A

CSF IgG INDEX

68
Q

NORMAL CSF IGg INDEX

A

<0.77

69
Q

IGg PRODUCTION WITHIN CNS

A

> 0.77

70
Q

METHOD OF CHOICE when it is necessary to determine if the fluid is CSF.

A

Tau identification’ Beta2-transferrin

71
Q

a demyelinating disorder

A

multiple sclerosis

72
Q

findings in multiple sclerosis

A

Findings:
✓ (+) Anti-myelin Sheath Autoantibody
✓ (+) Oligoclonal band in CSF but not in serum
✓ (+) Myelin Basic Protein
✓ ↑ IgG Index

73
Q

protein component of lipid protein complex that isolates the nerve fibers; presence of this in csf indicates destruction of myelin sheaths used to measure multiple sclerosis

A

MBP (myelin basic proteins)

74
Q

oligoclonal banding in csf NOT in serum

A

Multiple Sclerosis
Neurosyphilis
Encephalitis
Neoplastic disorder
Guillaine-Barre Syndrome

75
Q

oligoclonal bonding in serum NOT IN CSF

A

Leukemia
Lymphoma
Viral Infection

76
Q

oligoclonal banding in serum and csf

A

HIV

77
Q

NORMAL VALUE OF GLUCOSE

A

50-80 mg/dL (60-70%)

78
Q

glucose is normal in

A

viral meningitis

79
Q

normal value for lactate

A

10-22 mg/dL

80
Q

lactate is elevated in

A

bacterial meningitis (>35 mg/dL)
tubercular menigitis (25mg/dL)
hypoxia

81
Q

lactate is normal in

A

viral meningitis

82
Q

glutamine product

A

ammonia
a-ketoglutarate

83
Q

Indirect test for the presence of excess ammonia in the CSF;

A

glutamine

84
Q

NORMAL VALUE OF GLUTAMINE

A

8-18mg/dL

85
Q

other name for glutamine

A

Reye’s syndrome

86
Q

normal serum ldh

A

2>1>3>4>5
flipped pattern: 1>2>3>4>5

87
Q

normal csf ldh

A

1>2>3>4>5
neurological abnormalities: 2>1>3>4>5
bacterial meningitis: 5>4>3>2>1

88
Q

CSF LDH Isoenzymes:

A

1 and 2 = BRAIN TISSUES
2 and 3 = Lymphocytes
4and 5 = Neutrophils

89
Q

CK ELEVATED IN:

A

Stroke
MS
degenerative disorders
brain tumors
viral & bacterial meningitis
seizures

90
Q
A

if ↑ in post-cardiac arrest patients if CK-BB BRAIN;CK MB-HEART;CK-MM S MUSCLES (<17 mg/dL) [recovery]

91
Q
A

POOR CARDIAC ARREST PATIENTS –> POOR PROGNOSIS

92
Q

AST is elevated in

A

intracerebral hemorrhage
subarachnoid hemorrhage
bacterial meningitis

93
Q

recommended by CDC for the detection of NEUROSYPHILIS

A

Veneral Disease Research Lab (VDRL)

94
Q

test for detection of neurosyphilis (VDRL)

A

Latex Agglutination test- bacterial antigen
ELISA
FTA-Abs>VDRL>RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)

95
Q

CONFIRMATORY test;to identify the causative agent in meningitis

A

csf culture

96
Q

csf culture incubation period

A

Incubation:
24 hours = bacterial meningitis
6 weeks = tubercular meningitis

97
Q

CENTRIFUGE GRAM STAINING AT

A

1,500G FOR 15 MIN

98
Q

GRAM STAINING IN CSF DETECTS

A

Can detect:
* Streptococcus pneumoniae
* Haemophilus influenzae
* Escherichia coli
* Neisseria meningitidis
* Streptococcus agalactiae
* Listeria monocytogenes

99
Q

Performed routinely on concentrated CSF to detect suspected CASES OF MENINGITIS

A

GRAM STAINING

100
Q

Not routinely performed, unless TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS is suspected

A

ACID FAST STAINING AND FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY STAINING

101
Q

For detection of Cryptococcus neoformans (fungal/cryptococcal
meningitis)

A

INDIA INK

102
Q

parasite that is detected by india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

103
Q

More sensitive; higher sensitivity than India ink

A

IMMUNOLOGIC ASSAY

104
Q

Detect presence of CRYPTOTOCCUS NEOFORMANS ANTIGEN in serum

A

LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

105
Q

Rapid test (reagent strip coated with monoclonal antibodies that react with cryptococcal polysaccharide capsule

A

Lateral Flow Assay (LFA)

106
Q

Rapid test (rapid test kits)

A

ELISA

107
Q

ELISA DETECTS:

A

Detects:
* Group B Streptococcus
* H.influenzae Type B
* S.pneumoniae
* N.meningitidis A,B,C,Y, and W135
* M.tuberculosis
* C.immitis
* E.coli KI antigens

108
Q

SENSITIVE and SPECIFIC
Can detect the cause of meningitis with a small amount of pathogen’s DNA

A

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests

SPERM (2 decks)

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