Sperm Morphology and Anatomy Flashcards
Process of assessing and counting the sperm sample in accordance to their shape, structure and movement.
Sperm Analysis
Number of Sperm in 1 ml Semen
Sperm count
Shape and Structure of Sperm
Sperm morphology
Type of Movement of the sperm
Sperm motility
These are male reproductive cells that carry the genetic characters from the father to child.
Sperms
Sperms are formed in the
pair of testis
What is the pH of normal semen?
7.2 to 7.8
Normal semen is __________ and ___________ in color.
translucent, opalescent
It is considered normal if the specimen can be poured from a gradulated beaker drop by drop with agglutination.
Viscocity
Semen usually liquify within _______ mins.
30
These produce sperm cells and contribute a small amount of fluid to the semen
Testes
These glands secrete a significant portion of the seminal fluid. Their secretions include fructose, which provides energy for the sperm, and other substances that help to nourish and support sperm.
Seminal Vesicles
This produces a fluid that makes up a substantial part of semen. This fluid contains enzymes, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA), which help to liquefy the semen after ejaculation and support sperm motility.
Prostate Gland
These glands secrete a clear, lubricating fluid that helps to neutralize any acidity in the urethra from urine and provides lubrication during ejaculation
Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
Seminal fluid provides essential nutrients, such as ________ and ________, which supply energy to sperm and support their survival and motility.
fructose, proteins
The ________ acts as a medium that allows sperm to travel through the female reproductive tract. Its viscosity helps to propel sperm and protect them as they move.
fluid
The enzymes and substances in seminal fluid assist in the ____________ of semen after ejaculation, which helps sperm swim more effectively toward the egg.
liquefaction
Seminal fluid contains _______________ and other compounds that may influence the female reproductive system, such as promoting cervical mucus changes to facilitate sperm entry.
prostaglandins
_______________/mL is considered normal for male fertility.
40 million sperms
____________/mL is minimum concentration for fertility.
20 million sperms
Below 10 million/mL is considered ______.
poor
Excessively high sperm count
Polyzoospermia
Sperm count less than 20 million/mL.
Oligozoospermia
No semen volume
Azoospermia
Semen volume is less than 1.5mL
Hypospermia
Semen volume greater than 5.5mL
Hyperspermia
All dead sperms
Necrozoospermia
Large heads in the morphology of sperms
Macrocephalic
Small heads in the morphology of sperms
Microcephalic
Tapering heads in the morphology sperms
Pin Head
Tear-drop heads in the morphology of sperms
Pyriform Head
Double or duplicate heads in the morphology of sperms
Bicephalic
Forms its tip covered by a double-walled membrane extending down along the nucleus to form the head cap.
Acrosome
Acrosome excrete an enzyme called sperm ____________ which helps penetration of sperm, into the ovum.
Lysine
Has a compact mass of DNA, occupies major parts of the head below Acrosome
Nucleus
It is small constricted portion between the head and middle piece
Neck
Donated to Ovum to form spindle during division.
Proximal centriole
gives axial filaments to form tail.
Distal centriole
Middle piece is cylindrical with ____________ at center it has two central surrounded by nine doublets.
Axial Filaments
Mitochondria are ________ coiled around axial filaments and are compact.
spirally
Entire is surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm called _____________ below plasmalemma.
Manchette
At end of middle piece has a dark _____________________ of unknown function.
Ring Centriole
First part of the tail of sperm is ____________ and last is ______________.
main piece, end piece
Part of tail of sperm that has all filaments surrounded by a fibrous sheath.
Main piece
Part of tail of sperm that has only central two axial filaments.
End piece
The entire tail of sperms is surrounded by a very thin film of _______________ and ____________.
cytoplasm, plasmalemma
It refers to the size, shape and appearance of a man’s sperm, which when abnormal can decrease fertility and make it more difficult to fertilize the woman’s egg
Sperm morphology
___________________________ may be an option for those with sperm morphology issues.
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF)
It can be used in addition to IVF to increase the chances.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
For most men, sperm production will begin to drop after age_____.
40
