speech sounds Flashcards
what are the 3 vowel classifications
lip rounding, height, front-back dimension
vowel classifications describe the differences in the vowel’s
formants
parameters of consonant classification
(4)
airstream mechanism, phonotation type (voiced/voiceless), nasality (oro-nasal process), oral constriction (place/manner of articulation
common active articulators:
lower lip and tongue (tip, blade, front, back)
common passive articulators:
upper lip, upper front teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate(velum), uvula, pharynx, epiglottis(rarely)
what is the active articulator for labial sounds
lips
what is the active articulator for coronal sounds
tongue front (tip/blade)
what is the active articulator for dorsal sounds
tongue body
what sound categories are labial
bilabial, labiodental
what sound categories are dorsal
palatal, velar
what sound categories are coronal
dental, alveolar, retroflex, post-alveolar
what does manner of articulation describe
degree of constriction, laterality
what is a sibilant consonant
s-like sounds (coronal fricatives) caused by airstream hitting back of front teeth at high speed
difference between central and lateral consonants
lateral sounds there’s a closure along the middle and air flows out through the sides of tongue
in implosives larynx is ___ and in ejectives larynx is ___
lowered, raised
what airstream does ejectives use
glottalic egressive
what airstream does implosives use
glottalic ingressive
what airstream does clicks use? What closure happens?
velaric ingressive, velaric closure
what is the issue of affricates
theres a stop and fricative in one unit
what is inotation
pattern of pitch fluctuation over the course of a sentence
what place of articulation is created by moving the back of the tongue towards the soft palate
velar
A retroflex consonant is articulated by bringing the tongue tip back towards the area just behind the _____
alveolar ridge
The consonant found in the middle of the English expression uh-oh! or unh-unh, the latter meaning “No!”, is a _____
glottal stop
An affricate is a consonant which involves the combination of a stop followed by a ____ at the same place of articulation.
fricative
When two sounds are clearly independent phonemes in the language, but there is some
environment where only one of them can occur and not the other, this is called _____
positional neutralization
____ = the formation of a new lexeme from an existing lexeme (such that the result is
a different word).
derivation
____ = the modification of a word (lexeme) to fit the intended syntactic and semantic
context (such that the result is still the same word, but a different form of that word)
inflection
