speech sounds

Question 1

what are the 3 vowel classifications

Answer 1

lip rounding, height, front-back dimension

Question 2

vowel classifications describe the differences in the vowel’s

Answer 2

formants

Question 3

parameters of consonant classification
(4)

Answer 3

airstream mechanism, phonotation type (voiced/voiceless), nasality (oro-nasal process), oral constriction (place/manner of articulation

Question 4

common active articulators:

Answer 4

lower lip and tongue (tip, blade, front, back)

Question 5

common passive articulators:

Answer 5

upper lip, upper front teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate(velum), uvula, pharynx, epiglottis(rarely)

Question 6

what is the active articulator for labial sounds

Answer 6

lips

Question 7

what is the active articulator for coronal sounds

Answer 7

tongue front (tip/blade)

Question 8

what is the active articulator for dorsal sounds

Answer 8

tongue body

Question 9

what sound categories are labial

Answer 9

bilabial, labiodental

Question 10

what sound categories are dorsal

Answer 10

palatal, velar

Question 11

what sound categories are coronal

Answer 11

dental, alveolar, retroflex, post-alveolar

Question 12

what does manner of articulation describe

Answer 12

degree of constriction, laterality

Question 13

what is a sibilant consonant

Answer 13

s-like sounds (coronal fricatives) caused by airstream hitting back of front teeth at high speed

Question 14

difference between central and lateral consonants

Answer 14

lateral sounds there’s a closure along the middle and air flows out through the sides of tongue

Question 15

in implosives larynx is ___ and in ejectives larynx is ___

Answer 15

lowered, raised

Question 16

what airstream does ejectives use

Answer 16

glottalic egressive

Question 17

what airstream does implosives use

Answer 17

glottalic ingressive

Question 18

what airstream does clicks use? What closure happens?

Answer 18

velaric ingressive, velaric closure

Question 19

what is the issue of affricates

Answer 19

theres a stop and fricative in one unit

Question 20

what is inotation

Answer 20

pattern of pitch fluctuation over the course of a sentence

Question 21

what place of articulation is created by moving the back of the tongue towards the soft palate

Answer 21

velar

Question 22

A retroflex consonant is articulated by bringing the tongue tip back towards the area just behind the _____

Answer 22

alveolar ridge

Question 23

The consonant found in the middle of the English expression uh-oh! or unh-unh, the latter meaning “No!”, is a _____

Answer 23

glottal stop

Question 24

An affricate is a consonant which involves the combination of a stop followed by a ____ at the same place of articulation.

Answer 24

fricative

Question 25

When two sounds are clearly independent phonemes in the language, but there is some
environment where only one of them can occur and not the other, this is called _____

Answer 25

positional neutralization

Question 26

____ = the formation of a new lexeme from an existing lexeme (such that the result is
a different word).

Answer 26

derivation

Question 27

____ = the modification of a word (lexeme) to fit the intended syntactic and semantic
context (such that the result is still the same word, but a different form of that word)

Answer 27

inflection