Phonemes, Allophones, and Narrow Trancription Flashcards
what does a minimal pair suggest
contrastive distribution, 2 separate phonemes
what’s a phoneme?
basic sound category
what sound environment would make t or d a flap?
between two vowels, if the second one is unstressed
what is an obstruent? what sound categories are obstruents? give an example.
obstructs the ability of the airstream to exit the vocal tract to a significant degree
plosive, affricate, fricative
‘p’
what would cause voiced b,d,g,ʤ to be voiceless?
beginning of an utterance, or when preceded by a voiceless consonant
what is a sonorant?
give an example
anything that is NOT an obstruent. continuous voicing possible, all voiced
‘n’
what is alternation?
when 2 diff morphemes alternate with eachother
what is aspiration
a brief period of voicelessness after the plosive closure
voiced plosives/affricates tend to lose their voicing when?
at the begginning of an utterance
when are “dark l’s” used
after another consonant or at the end of the word
when is aspiration used
at the begginning of a word or begginning of a stressed syllable
when are vowels nazalised?
when followed by a nasal consonant
true or false The part of the word to which an affix is attached is called the root.”
false
trye/false “Word formation always involves attaching an affix morpheme to some base.”
false
