Speech organs Flashcards
What does ingressive airstream mean?
incoming airstream
what does egressive airstream mean
outgoing airstream
what is the trachea?
the windpipe
what is the larynx
a bony structure at the upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords, the foward part of it is called the Adam`s apple
what role does the larynx play in speech?
an important part. There are two folds of ligament that may be brought togheter and parted as a result of muscular action.
what is the opening between the vocal folds called?
The glottis rather than the vocal folds
If the glottis is shut. What does this mean?
The air is stopped compleatly and trapped in the windpipe below the laynx. When we pronounce the glottal stop for instance. It is a sound commonly heard before a word starting with a vowel sound
Can the glottis be wide apart?
yes
what happens if the glotttis begin to vibrate?
the air is passed trugh the vocal folds and they begin to vibrate. This is called phonatation. Voicing is a normal feature of speech. And common feature of /s/ and /Z/
what happens if the vocal folds vibrate quickly?
we hear a sound of high pitch
what happens if the vocal folds vibrate slowly?
we hear a low pitch
Are all articulators above the larynx referred to as the vocal tract?
yes
What does the vocal tract contain?
3 cavities : the pharyngeal cavity
the nasal and the oral cavity
If we move the tongue, the lips and the velum, what happens?
we change the shape and size of the three cavities considerably, thus creating diffrent resonance chambers
what is the soft fleshy part that may be lowered or raised called?
the soft palate or the velum
what happens if the soft palate is lowerd?
the air travel into the nasal cavity
what happens if the soft palate is raised?
the air is forced into the the oral cavity and sound is produced-oral sounds
if the soft palate(velum) is lowered and there is a complete closure to the airstream , what happens?
nasal sounds are produced.
What are the upper and lower articulators?
The upper articulators: upper lip (labium) then the dentes, then the alveoli, then the hard palate, then the soft palate( velum) = passive articulators
what are the lower articulators?
Tip of the tongue (apex) , the blade of the tongue( lamina) the back of the tongue ( dorsum, front and back) = active articulators
How can the tongue move?
up and down, horisontally, vertically,
what is a velic closure?
airstream compleatly blocked because the velum is raised to shut of the nasal cavity and the lips are compleatly closed as in the articulation of the word pipe.
Do most sounds have a velic closure?
most consonants sounds
what charakterises a stop consonant?
The air is complete closure to the airstream as in the articulation of /p/
what charakterises a fricative sound?
airstream can escape, but because the speech organs are so closely together, the articulation is accompainied by friction as in the articulation of /S/
what does stops and fricatives have in common?
they both have a noticeble obstruction to the airstream. Astma and kols
what is the collective term for stops and fricatives
obstruents
what are nasals
sounds that are produced with air trugh the nose
How is a lateral /l/ produced?
a central closure to the air-stream , the air escapes freely over the sides of the tongue
what are approximants?
some degree of narrowing but not enough to hinder the air- stream.
what are sonorants?
a collective term for nasals, laterals, and approximants
what are vowel sounds?
sounds that have a free airflow that can be lengthened and shortend
what is the main diffrence between vowels and consonants?
the escape of the aristream.
are the approximants vowel-like?
yes
