Speech organs

Question 1

What does ingressive airstream mean?

Answer 1

incoming airstream

Question 2

what does egressive airstream mean

Answer 2

outgoing airstream

Question 3

what is the trachea?

Answer 3

the windpipe

Question 4

what is the larynx

Answer 4

a bony structure at the upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords, the foward part of it is called the Adam`s apple

Question 5

what role does the larynx play in speech?

Answer 5

an important part. There are two folds of ligament that may be brought togheter and parted as a result of muscular action.

Question 6

what is the opening between the vocal folds called?

Answer 6

The glottis rather than the vocal folds

Question 7

If the glottis is shut. What does this mean?

Answer 7

The air is stopped compleatly and trapped in the windpipe below the laynx. When we pronounce the glottal stop for instance. It is a sound commonly heard before a word starting with a vowel sound

Question 8

Can the glottis be wide apart?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what happens if the glotttis begin to vibrate?

Answer 9

the air is passed trugh the vocal folds and they begin to vibrate. This is called phonatation. Voicing is a normal feature of speech. And common feature of /s/ and /Z/

Question 10

what happens if the vocal folds vibrate quickly?

Answer 10

we hear a sound of high pitch

Question 11

what happens if the vocal folds vibrate slowly?

Answer 11

we hear a low pitch

Question 12

Are all articulators above the larynx referred to as the vocal tract?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What does the vocal tract contain?

Answer 13

3 cavities : the pharyngeal cavity

the nasal and the oral cavity

Question 14

If we move the tongue, the lips and the velum, what happens?

Answer 14

we change the shape and size of the three cavities considerably, thus creating diffrent resonance chambers

Question 15

what is the soft fleshy part that may be lowered or raised called?

Answer 15

the soft palate or the velum

Question 16

what happens if the soft palate is lowerd?

Answer 16

the air travel into the nasal cavity

Question 17

what happens if the soft palate is raised?

Answer 17

the air is forced into the the oral cavity and sound is produced-oral sounds

Question 18

if the soft palate(velum) is lowered and there is a complete closure to the airstream , what happens?

Answer 18

nasal sounds are produced.

Question 19

What are the upper and lower articulators?

Answer 19

The upper articulators: upper lip (labium) then the dentes, then the alveoli, then the hard palate, then the soft palate( velum) = passive articulators

Question 20

what are the lower articulators?

Answer 20

Tip of the tongue (apex) , the blade of the tongue( lamina) the back of the tongue ( dorsum, front and back) = active articulators

Question 21

How can the tongue move?

Answer 21

up and down, horisontally, vertically,

Question 22

what is a velic closure?

Answer 22

airstream compleatly blocked because the velum is raised to shut of the nasal cavity and the lips are compleatly closed as in the articulation of the word pipe.

Question 23

Do most sounds have a velic closure?

Answer 23

most consonants sounds

Question 24

what charakterises a stop consonant?

Answer 24

The air is complete closure to the airstream as in the articulation of /p/

Question 25

what charakterises a fricative sound?

Answer 25

airstream can escape, but because the speech organs are so closely together, the articulation is accompainied by friction as in the articulation of /S/

Question 26

what does stops and fricatives have in common?

Answer 26

they both have a noticeble obstruction to the airstream. Astma and kols

Question 27

what is the collective term for stops and fricatives

Answer 27

obstruents

Question 28

what are nasals

Answer 28

sounds that are produced with air trugh the nose

Question 29

How is a lateral /l/ produced?

Answer 29

a central closure to the air-stream , the air escapes freely over the sides of the tongue

Question 30

what are approximants?

Answer 30

some degree of narrowing but not enough to hinder the air- stream.

Question 31

what are sonorants?

Answer 31

a collective term for nasals, laterals, and approximants

Question 32

what are vowel sounds?

Answer 32

sounds that have a free airflow that can be lengthened and shortend

Question 33

what is the main diffrence between vowels and consonants?

Answer 33

the escape of the aristream.

Question 34

are the approximants vowel-like?

Answer 34

yes