Speech & Language Disorders and Cranial Nerves Screening Flashcards
APHASIA is d/t ___ and not ___
traumatic d/o, developmental
Refers to the acquired communication d/o that
manifests in individuals who were previously capable of
using language appropriately
APHASIA
● An acquired d/o of all language modalities, including
- verbal expression,
- auditory comprehension,
- written expression, and
- reading comprehension
APHASIA
APHASIA Implies impairment in both ____and ____ language modalities
receptive , expressive
● Aphasia is consistent only c a focal dse, usually of the
_____
left hemisphere
2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF APHASIA
Fluent Aphasia.
Non-Fluent Aphasia.
Impaired auditory comprehension and fluent speech that is of normal rate and melody
Fluent Aphasia.
Which part is usually impaired for fluent aphasia?
○ Reading and writing are usually severely
impaired
● AKA: sensory aphasia or receptive aphasia
- Wernicke’s Aphasia
● Impaired auditory comprehension and fluently articulated speech marked by word substitutions
- Wernicke’s Aphasia
● Characterized by significant word-finding difficulty in
the context of fluent, grammatically well-formed
speech
- Anomic Aphasia
● Repetition is disproportionately impaired relative to
auditory comprehension and verbal expression
- Conduction Aphasia
● Verbal output is generally grammatical and fluent but
has episodes of halting speech during moments of word retrieval difficulty
- Conduction Aphasia
Limited vocabulary, slow, hesitant speech,
some awkward articulation, and restricted
use of grammar in the presence of relatively
preserved auditory comprehension
Non-Fluent Aphasia.
● Nonfluent type of aphasia
● Also referred to as expressive aphasia, motor
aphasia, and/or verbal aphasia
- Broca’s aphasia
● Characterized by 1. awkward articulation, 2. restricted vocabulary, and 3. restriction to simple grammatical forms in the presence of a relative preservation of auditory comprehension
- Broca’s aphasia
Writing skills generally mirror the pattern of speech
- Broca’s aphasia
● Naiintindihan mo pero di mo ma-express sarili mo
Language function is similar to those of Broca’s
aphasia c the exception that repetition is relatively
preserved
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
A severe aphasia with marked dysfunction across all
language modalities and with severely limited residual
use of all communication modes for oral–aural
interactions
GLOBAL APHASIA
● Not a type of aphasia but rather a designation of
severity
GLOBAL APHASIA is Extensive damage may be anywhere in the ___
hemisphere, and is sometimes ___
left, bilateral
ACQUIRED APHASIA
● Acquired aphasia in children as a result of __ caused by ___
in the same syndromes manifest in adults with aphasia
cerebral damage
head injury, tumor, or stroke results
Children with acquired aphasia are slow to develop
language and academic skills
A slowly progressive isolated aphasia not due to stroke, trauma, tumor, or infection, which does not fit neatly into existing aphasia classification schemes
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
● Commonly observed as a speech/articulation disorder
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
● Progresses at different rates and its most severe for
can result to inability to speak
PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
● Comprehension in PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA usually ____
remains relatively preserved
Where is broca’s area located?
Inferlor frontal gyrus (Area 44).
broca’s aphasia
a. reading may be less impaired than speech and writing
b. speech and writing is less impaired than reading
a
Wernicke’s area
Posterior portion of
temporal gyrus
Cause of sensory aphasia
lesion in wernicke’s area
Evaluates language skills based on all modalities
(auditory, visual, gestural) VAG
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
Aims of Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
Aims ○ Dx of presence and type of aphasic syndrome ○ Measure level of performance ○ Ax of strengths and weaknesses
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Used for
Individuals who are brain damaged and
may be aphasic or not
5 Major Sections of the Test
○Conversational/expository speech ○ Auditory comprehension ○ Oral expression ○ Understanding written language ○ Writing
DYSARTHRIA
● Sometimes called as ____
motor speech disorder.
● ____refers to an impairment of speech
production resulting from damage to the central or
peripheral nervous system, which causes weakness,
paralysis, or incoordination of the motor speech
system.
Dysarthria
Neuroanatomical site of a lesion causing dysarthria can be one or a combination of the ____
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and cranial nerves.
● Is characterized by impairments to the articulatory,
respiratory, laryngeal, and resonance subsystems of
speech.
Dysarthria
Needed para makapagsalita ka.
when patients are totally unintelligible as the result of severe motor-speech system impairment.
● Anarthria
PRIMARY TYPES OF DYSARTHRIA
Spastic Dysarthria - Flaccid Dysarthria - Ataxic Dysarthria - Hypokinetic Dysarthria - Hyperkinetic Dysarthria -
characterized by imprecise articulation, slow labored articulation, hypernasality, harsh to strained phonation, and monotonous pitch.
Syllables may be given equal stress and inflection.
reduced control of exhalation with
shallow inhalation and
Slow breaths
Spastic Dysarthria -
characterized by slow/labored articulation, hypernasality, and hoarse, breath phonation.
reduced control of exhalation with
Phrases may be short,
shallow inhalation
Flaccid Dysarthria
○ Most of these deviant speech characteristics
are related to muscular weakness and reduced
tone which affects speech accuracy.
characterized by disturbances of timing, movement, range, control, and coordination of the muscles of speech and respiration.
Speech is imprecise, slow, and irregular.
Ataxic Dysarthria -
○ E.g., Cerebral Palsy. Parang lasing.
○ There may be intermittent periods of explosive
inflection, syllable stress, and loudness
patterns. Bigla na lang tataas yung boses ng
patient habang nagsasalita. Phonemes may be
prolonged, pitch and loudness are
monotonous.
characterized by variable articulatory precision, slow rate of speech, harsh, hoarse voice quality, excessive and overly long pauses, prolonged syllables, and reduced phonation.
Hypokinetic Dysarthria -
characterized by variable articulatory precision, vocal harshness, prolonged sounds, and intervals between words, monotonous pitch, and loudness.
○ Involuntary or excess mvmt ng body can affect
speech
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria -
