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CSD > Speech/Lang Chapters 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Speech/Lang Chapters 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Intentional Communication

A

Precise in its intent and the relationship between the communicative behavior and its referent is not arbitrary

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2
Q

Iconic communication

A

Very transparent, clear relationship between the message and its referent

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3
Q

Oral communication

A

The communication of speaking and listening is a common mode of communication

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4
Q

Nonlinguistic feedback (extralinguistic feedback)

A

Use of eye contact, facial expression, posture and proximity

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5
Q

Linguistic feedback

A

Includes speaking

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6
Q

Paralinguistic feedback

A

Use of pitch, loudness and pausing

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7
Q

Communication Breakdowns

A

Inadequacies of both the sender and the receiver

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8
Q

Form

A

How words, sentences and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content

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9
Q

Content

A

Meaning of language, words used and the meaning behind them

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10
Q

Lexicon

A

Inner vocabulary

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11
Q

Decontextualized

A

Share language with little reliance on the content for conveying content

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12
Q

Use

A

How people draw on language functionally to meet personal and social needs

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13
Q

Phonology

A

Rules of language governing the sounds that make syllables and words

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14
Q

Allophones

A

Subtle variations of phonemes that occur as a result of contextual influences on how phonemes are produced in different words

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15
Q

Phonotactics

A

Each language has rules governing how sounds are organized in words

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16
Q

Morphology

A

Rules of language governing the internal organization of words

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17
Q

Syntax

A

Rules of language governing the internal organization of sentences

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18
Q

Semantics

A

Rules of language governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations

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19
Q

Pragmatics

A

Rules governing language use for social purposes, and is a synonym for the term social communication

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20
Q

Acquisition rate

A

How children develop their language skills

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21
Q

Critical period

A

The years of early language acquisition from birth to about puberty

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22
Q

Semanticity

A

To share what happened before this moment or what may happen after the moment

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23
Q

Productivity

A

The principle of combination, specifically of a small number of discrete units into seemingly infinite novel creations

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24
Q

Language differences

A

Describes the variability among language users

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25
Q

Dialect

A

Natural variations of a language that evolve within specific cultural or geographical boundaries

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26
Q

Language impairment

A

Significant difficulties with language development

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27
Q

Language

A

A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for the thought and communication

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28
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest units of language we use to create words like pre school

29
Q

Referent

A

The aspect of the world to which the word refers

30
Q

Communication

A

The process of sharing information, such as thoughts, feelings, and ideas, among two or more persons

31
Q

Modularity

A

Cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within the structures of the brain

32
Q

Modules

A

Regions of the brain developed to process specific types of information

33
Q

Domain specific

A

Can process only very specific types of information

34
Q

Domain general

A

Carry out very general tasks like memory and reasoning

35
Q

Inner language

A

Keeping thoughts to yourself

36
Q

Written language

A

Writing things down

37
Q

Speech

A

Neuromuscular process by which humans turn language into a sound signal and transmit it through the air

38
Q

Hearing

A

Sensory system that allows speech to enter into and be processed by the human brain

39
Q

Model

A

Way to represent an unknown event on the basis of the best current evidence governing the event

40
Q

Feedback

A

Relays information about speech output back to the origination of the perceptual target and motor schema

41
Q

Audition

A

Perception of sound

42
Q

Acoustics

A

Study of sound

43
Q

Speech perception

A

How the brain processes speech and language

44
Q

Auditory perception

A

Describing how the brain processes any type of auditory information

45
Q

Coarticulation

A

Human phonemes; the phonemes overlap with one another in this process

46
Q

Sender

A

Formulates, then transmits the information he or she would like to convey

47
Q

Receiver

A

Comprehends the information

48
Q

Symbolic (referential) communication

A

When an individual communicates about a specific entity, and the relationship between the entity and its referent

49
Q

Preintentional communication

A

Communication in which other people assume the relationship between a communicative behavior and it’s referent

50
Q

Phrasal coordination

A

Which allows them to connect phrases, as in this sentence in which and links two noun phrases: I’m putting my coat and my hat.

51
Q

Complex syntax

A

Refers to use of phrase and clause structures, as well as conjunctive devices for organizing internal structures of sentences

52
Q

Child-directed speech

A

Refers to talk directed to children by others including parents and other caregivers

53
Q

Simple syntax

A

Grammatically well-formed utterances containing simple noun phrases and verb structures

54
Q

Specific language impairment

A

Significant problems with language, but no other disabilities

55
Q

Lexicon

A

Volume of words he or she understands and uses

56
Q

Receptive lexicon

A

Words you understand

57
Q

Expressive lexicon

A

Words we use

58
Q

Vocabulary spurt

A

Word spurt; that begins near the end of the second year and continues for several years

59
Q

Inflection point

A

Differentiating the stages, implies that there is sudden burst in lexical growth at a given point

60
Q

Nonostensive word learning contexts

A

Little contextual information is provided to help a person derive the meaning of a new word

61
Q

Semantic network

A

It’s entries are organized according to connective ties among them

62
Q

Spreading activation

A

Theories on how any individual accesses specific entries in the semantic network

63
Q

Pragmatic development

A

Acquiring the rules of language that govern how language is used as a social tool

64
Q

Communication function

A

When people use language in social contexts

65
Q

Intentionality hypothesis

A

Proposes that children’s experiences using language to engage with other people fosters their development of form and content

66
Q

Conversations

A

When children express communication functions, they do so in exchanges with other people

67
Q

Schema

A

Building blocks of cognition and in essence are internalized representations of the organizational structures of various events

68
Q

Joint attention

A

Describes instances in which infants and caregivers focus attention on a mutual object

69
Q

Temperament

A

Way in which an individual approaches a situation particularly one that is unfamiliar

CSD (2 decks)

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