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CSD > Speech/Lang Chapters 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Speech/Lang Chapters 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Intentional Communication

A

Precise in its intent and the relationship between the communicative behavior and its referent is not arbitrary

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2
Q

Iconic communication

A

Very transparent, clear relationship between the message and its referent

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3
Q

Oral communication

A

The communication of speaking and listening is a common mode of communication

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4
Q

Nonlinguistic feedback (extralinguistic feedback)

A

Use of eye contact, facial expression, posture and proximity

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5
Q

Linguistic feedback

A

Includes speaking

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6
Q

Paralinguistic feedback

A

Use of pitch, loudness and pausing

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7
Q

Communication Breakdowns

A

Inadequacies of both the sender and the receiver

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8
Q

Form

A

How words, sentences and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content

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9
Q

Content

A

Meaning of language, words used and the meaning behind them

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10
Q

Lexicon

A

Inner vocabulary

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11
Q

Decontextualized

A

Share language with little reliance on the content for conveying content

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12
Q

Use

A

How people draw on language functionally to meet personal and social needs

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13
Q

Phonology

A

Rules of language governing the sounds that make syllables and words

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14
Q

Allophones

A

Subtle variations of phonemes that occur as a result of contextual influences on how phonemes are produced in different words

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15
Q

Phonotactics

A

Each language has rules governing how sounds are organized in words

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16
Q

Morphology

A

Rules of language governing the internal organization of words

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17
Q

Syntax

A

Rules of language governing the internal organization of sentences

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18
Q

Semantics

A

Rules of language governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations

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19
Q

Pragmatics

A

Rules governing language use for social purposes, and is a synonym for the term social communication

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20
Q

Acquisition rate

A

How children develop their language skills

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21
Q

Critical period

A

The years of early language acquisition from birth to about puberty

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22
Q

Semanticity

A

To share what happened before this moment or what may happen after the moment

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23
Q

Productivity

A

The principle of combination, specifically of a small number of discrete units into seemingly infinite novel creations

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24
Q

Language differences

A

Describes the variability among language users

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25
Dialect
Natural variations of a language that evolve within specific cultural or geographical boundaries
26
Language impairment
Significant difficulties with language development
27
Language
A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for the thought and communication
28
Morphemes
Smallest units of language we use to create words like pre school
29
Referent
The aspect of the world to which the word refers
30
Communication
The process of sharing information, such as thoughts, feelings, and ideas, among two or more persons
31
Modularity
Cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within the structures of the brain
32
Modules
Regions of the brain developed to process specific types of information
33
Domain specific
Can process only very specific types of information
34
Domain general
Carry out very general tasks like memory and reasoning
35
Inner language
Keeping thoughts to yourself
36
Written language
Writing things down
37
Speech
Neuromuscular process by which humans turn language into a sound signal and transmit it through the air
38
Hearing
Sensory system that allows speech to enter into and be processed by the human brain
39
Model
Way to represent an unknown event on the basis of the best current evidence governing the event
40
Feedback
Relays information about speech output back to the origination of the perceptual target and motor schema
41
Audition
Perception of sound
42
Acoustics
Study of sound
43
Speech perception
How the brain processes speech and language
44
Auditory perception
Describing how the brain processes any type of auditory information
45
Coarticulation
Human phonemes; the phonemes overlap with one another in this process
46
Sender
Formulates, then transmits the information he or she would like to convey
47
Receiver
Comprehends the information
48
Symbolic (referential) communication
When an individual communicates about a specific entity, and the relationship between the entity and its referent
49
Preintentional communication
Communication in which other people assume the relationship between a communicative behavior and it’s referent
50
Phrasal coordination
Which allows them to connect phrases, as in this sentence in which and links two noun phrases: I’m putting my coat and my hat.
51
Complex syntax
Refers to use of phrase and clause structures, as well as conjunctive devices for organizing internal structures of sentences
52
Child-directed speech
Refers to talk directed to children by others including parents and other caregivers
53
Simple syntax
Grammatically well-formed utterances containing simple noun phrases and verb structures
54
Specific language impairment
Significant problems with language, but no other disabilities
55
Lexicon
Volume of words he or she understands and uses
56
Receptive lexicon
Words you understand
57
Expressive lexicon
Words we use
58
Vocabulary spurt
Word spurt; that begins near the end of the second year and continues for several years
59
Inflection point
Differentiating the stages, implies that there is sudden burst in lexical growth at a given point
60
Nonostensive word learning contexts
Little contextual information is provided to help a person derive the meaning of a new word
61
Semantic network
It’s entries are organized according to connective ties among them
62
Spreading activation
Theories on how any individual accesses specific entries in the semantic network
63
Pragmatic development
Acquiring the rules of language that govern how language is used as a social tool
64
Communication function
When people use language in social contexts
65
Intentionality hypothesis
Proposes that children’s experiences using language to engage with other people fosters their development of form and content
66
Conversations
When children express communication functions, they do so in exchanges with other people
67
Schema
Building blocks of cognition and in essence are internalized representations of the organizational structures of various events
68
Joint attention
Describes instances in which infants and caregivers focus attention on a mutual object
69
Temperament
Way in which an individual approaches a situation particularly one that is unfamiliar

CSD (2 decks)

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