Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEM > Speech and language > Flashcards

Speech and language Flashcards

1
Q

What is language?

A

A code to translate thoughts into output and input into thoughts. It allows communication with ourselves and others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How doe we communicate with ourselves?

A

Self communication, reflection, understanding, explaining and making decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is important when communicating with others?

A

It needs to be perceived so communication must be effective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is effective communication?

A

When perception matches what it was supposed to mean. Literal meaning + intention to mean + perception = effect on individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acquired alongside language?

A

New ways of thinking to allow thoughts to become more sophisticated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is written language?

A

Discrete words separated by spaces usually complete and spelt correctly. Provides opportunity to skip, skim and re-read

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is spoken language?

A

Continuous sequence of sounds. Often damaged, interrupted and mumbled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a phonetic?

A

How speech sounds are produced and the acoustic result of speech articulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is phonology?

A

How sounds are used to make words and the functions of the sounds within a particular language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of language use expressive/exgressive articulation?

A

Air coming out - English / European

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are vowels pronounced?

A

Vibrate the vocal cords with a clear vocal tract and no occlusion. Uses slower extrinsic muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are consonants pronounced?

A

Requires some occlusion of the vocal tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Out of vowels and consonants, which are affected most by conditions?

A

Consonants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a syllable?

A

The basic unit of articulation formed by clusters of vowels and consonants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three types of consonants and how are they produced?

A
  • Plosives/stops = Completely occlude to hold the airstream which them explodes out. Bilabials (pbm) uses lips, Alveolars (tdn) use alveolar ridge behind teeth and Velars (kg) produceed from back of throat
  • Fricatives = Partially occlude with voiced or voiceless
  • Affricatives = A type of fricative that partially occludes airstream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which consonants are affected most by a palatal problem?

A

Bilabials - all sounds become nasalised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which consonants are affected most by a larynx issue?

A

Fricatives - can’t voice the sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does language development begin?

A

Discrimination of language components in infancy.
Production of first words and sentences by 2 years.
Sophisticated language with humour, sarcasm, metaphors by 3 years.
Can understand more than can be spoken as a child.
Development continues into adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the critical period for language development?

A

Before 8 years old. After this it becomes more difficult to learn a new language. It determines language recovery after an injury.
By 8yrs nearly all consonants and vowels can be produced and it follows a typical predictable pattern of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When are speak disorders usually detected?

A

When they start speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the problem that leads to difficulty with articulation?

A

Problem with formation of sound e.g. palate problem

22
Q

What is apraxia of speech?

A

Problem with language and cognition affecting receptive or expressive (understanding and explaining).

23
Q

What can cause voice disorders?

A

Airstream problems e.g. COPD

Usually causes hypernasality or hoarse voice if tumour or nodule on cords

24
Q

What results from a fluency disorder?

A

Stama or stutter. Usually an emotional or cognitive issue

25
Q

What is and causes aphasia?

A

Disturbance in language formation and comprehension caused by localised dysfunction e.g. trauma, lesion, stroke, degenerative

26
Q

What is the speech chain?

A

Linguistics of speaker/cognition —> Physiological articulation using muscles —> Acoustic reception —> Detection by ear —> Cognition of listener.
Something can go wrong at each stage of the chain.

27
Q

What is dialect, sociolect and idolect?

A 
Dialect = where you come from regionally
Sociolect = how language is used socially
Idiolect = Individual use of language
28
Q

What is a pragmatic disorder?

A

Difficulty understanding context of what they say and the impact it has on others e.g. autism

29
Q

What are the 5 components of language formation?

A

Phonolgy - Use of sounds to make meaningful words
Morphology - Structure of words
Syntax - Rules for forming a series of words
Semantics - Word and sentence meanings
Pragmatics - Social use

30
Q

What is grammar?

A

Syntax and semantics

31
Q

What is pitch, intensity and timing?

A 
Pitch = Frequency of vibration of cords
Intensity = how loud
Timing = Stress or syllable timed
32
Q

What type of non-acoustic signals are there?

A

Facial expression, body language, gesture and touch
Lip reading provides information about articulation for hearing impairments.
Paralinguistic formation uses non-acoustic signals along with stress and emphasis.

33
Q

Which hemisphere is dominant for language?

A

Left hemisphere for right handed individuals and % of left handed individuals.

34
Q

What is the advantage of left handed?

A

Recover language functions faster after an injury and are less susceptible to mental illness

35
Q

Which are of the brain is for Perception of spoken language?

A

Primary auditory area

36
Q

Which area of the brain is for comprehension of language?

A

Wernicke’s area

37
Q

Which area of the brain is for production and initiation of speech?

A

Brocca’s area - connected to supplementary motor area

38
Q

What connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s area?

A

Arcuate fisciculus

39
Q

Which area of the brain is for perception of written language?

A

Visual cortex

40
Q

Which area of Wernicke’s is the auditory version of a word stimulated?

A

Angular gyrus. Allows comprehension of auditory to then send the information to Brocca’s

41
Q

How is aphasia tested for?

A

Test the function of fluency, paraphasia, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing, prosody

42
Q

What is prosody?

A

Communication of emotion and feelings

43
Q

How does Broca’s aphasia present?

A

Expressive / Non-fluent:
Can UNDERSTAND language but not express it back as non-fluent speech. Can’t think of the words needed to express as loss of initiation and production of speech

44
Q

How does Wernicke’s aphasia present?

A

Receptive / Fluent:

Speech is fluent but MEANINGLESS. Problem with understanding self and others as loss of comprehension.

45
Q

How does written language differ in Broca’s aphasia to Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Broca’s is disjointed and messy

Wernicke’s is neat but makes no sense

46
Q

What is agraphia?

A

The loss of ability to write. If in absence of aphasia it is due to weakness or disorder of movement / visuospatail function

47
Q

What is micrographia?

A

Small writing e.g. PD, corticospinal lesion

48
Q

What is hypergraphia?

A

Extensive, compulsive writing e.g. schizophrenia, mental disorder, bilateral frontal injury

49
Q

What is alexia?

A

The acquired inability to read. It is a sensory/visual aphasia.

50
Q

What is used to treat aphasia?

A

Melodic intonation therapy as it doesn’t use the injured part of the brain

DEM (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions