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Speech & Hearing Mechanism > Speech Acoustics & Auditory Perception > Flashcards

Speech Acoustics & Auditory Perception Flashcards

1
Q

The study of sound.

A

Acoustics

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2
Q

It is the vibrations that we can hear.

A

Sound

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3
Q

It is an audible disturbance in a medium causes by a vibrating source.

A

Sound

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4
Q

This is also known as pure tones, which maintains a single frequency.

A

Simple sounds

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5
Q

This is the region with increased pressure in a sound wave.

A

Compression

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6
Q

It is the area of decreased pressure where particles are father apart in a sound wave.

A

Rarefaction

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7
Q

The relationship of elasticity and inertia.

A

inversely proportional

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8
Q

The property that causes a medium to bounce back when stretched or displaced.

A

elasticity

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9
Q

The tendency for motion or the lack of it to continue.

A

inertia

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10
Q

The decrease in amplitude over time.

A

damping

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11
Q

True or False. Sounds move in one direction in a free air.

A

False. It moves in all directions.

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12
Q

This phenomenon explains why the sound of an ambulance gets perceived as high pitch when near, and low pitch when far.

A

Doppler Effect

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13
Q

In a waveform, the intensity is represented through _____ in the _______ axis.

A

y, vertical axis

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14
Q

In a waveform, the time is represented through _____ along the ______ or horizontal axis.

A

x, abscissa

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15
Q

It refers to the number of cycles in a second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

A

frequency

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16
Q

It is the perception of highness or lowness of the sounds.

A

pitch

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17
Q

The relationship of frequency and pitch is direct, that is, as frequency increases, perceived pitch is higher in all levels. True or False.

A

False. There comes a time when more changes in frequency is needed to perceive a higher pitch.

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18
Q

It is the power of the acoustic signal per unit area, correlated with out perception of loudness.

A

intensity

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19
Q

True or False. Frequency may affect the loudness of sounds.

A

True.

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20
Q

The resulting product of 2 distinct sine waves.

A

complex tone

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21
Q

The two types of complex sounds and their prominent feature.

A

periodic: harmonically related, whole number multiplies of lowest frequencies
aperiodic: not harmonically related, no fundamental frequencies nor harmonics

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22
Q

The graph representations in line spectra.

A

vertical axis - amplitude
horizontal axis - frequency

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23
Q

It breaks down complex tones into component waves.

A

Fourier Analysis

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24
Q

It is the distance between consecutive identical parts of a wave.

A

wavelength

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25
Q

Shows the visual representations of frequency components of sounds over time.

A

spectrograms

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26
Q

In the source filter theory, which is identified as the source of speech sounds?

A

vibration of the larynx

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27
Q

In the source filter theory, which is identified as the filter that modifies the sound?

A

vocal tract

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28
Q

The acoustic cue that is correlated with vocal pitch.

A

fundamental frequency

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29
Q

Fundamental frequency of male and female.

A

125 Hz, 250 Hz

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30
Q

What are the structures involved in the vocal tract that produces the resonance?

A

jaw
tongue
lips
nasal cavity

31
Q

The enhanced harmonics of the fundamental frequency.

A

formants

32
Q

Formants are affected by the vocal tract resonance. Identify the structure/s that affect the following:
F1, F2, and F3

A

F1: jaw movement
F2: tongue movement
F3: tongue tip movement

33
Q

The relationship of the jaw movement and first formant.

A

lower jaw, higher F1
higher jaw, lower F1

34
Q

The relationship of the tongue movement and second formant.

A

anterior tongue, higher F2
posterior tongue, lower F2

35
Q

True or False. When producing diphthongs, the formants remain the same for each speech sound involved.

A

False. There is a shift in formants or energy concentration due to the shift in location and jaw opening.

36
Q

Discrimination of speech sounds is dependent on the ability to access formant levels. If one has access to F2, what vowels can an individual discriminate?

A

discriminate front vs back vowels

37
Q

Discrimination of speech sounds is dependent on the ability to access formant levels. If one has access to F1, what can and individual exhibit in terms of auditory skills?

A

detection and discrimination of high vs low vowels

38
Q

The consonants are described using three characteristics. What are these?

A

placement, manner, and voice

39
Q

Enumerate the bilabial sounds.

A

p, b, m

40
Q

Enumerate the labiodental sounds.

A

f, v

41
Q

Enumerate the alveolar sounds.

A

t, d, s, z, n, l

42
Q

Enumerate the velar sounds.

A

k, g, ŋ

43
Q

Enumerate the glottal sounds.

A

ʔ, h

44
Q

Enumerate the interdental sounds.

A

θ, ð

45
Q

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under its manner.

A

frequency and timing

46
Q

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under placement of articulation.

A

frequency (F2)

47
Q

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under its voicing.

A

fundamental frequency and voice onset time

48
Q

Enumerate the stop or plosive sounds.

A

p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ

49
Q

Enumerate the fricative sounds.

A

f, v, s, z, θ, ð, ʃ, ʒ

50
Q

Enumerate the palatal sounds.

A

r, j, ʃ, tʃ, ʒ, dʒ

51
Q

Enumerate the affricates.

A

dʒ, tʃ

52
Q

Enumerate the nasals.

A

m, n, ŋ

53
Q

Enumerate the liquids.

A

l, r

54
Q

The speech sound identified as a semi-vowel.

A

w

55
Q

The measurement of loudness is _________.

A

Decibel or dB

56
Q

The differences in pressure between the sound and its environment’s air pressure.

A

dB SPL (sound pressure level)

57
Q

The pressure of sound relative to the quietest sounds that a young healthy individual can hear.

A

dB HL (hearing level)

58
Q

This refers to the quality of sound source from the other when they have the same loudness, pitch, and duration.

A

timbre

59
Q

It is knowing where sounds come from, which help understand the environment and guide actions.

A

sound localization

60
Q

It is the angle of sound source on the horizontal place.

A

Azimuth

61
Q

It is the angle of the sound source on the vertical plane.

A

Elevation

62
Q

It refers to how far the sound source is from the listener.

A

Distance

63
Q

This is the area wherein a signal is attenuated because of the partial blocking by the head.

A

acoustic shadow

64
Q

The difference in time when the sound reaches one ear vs the other.

A

interaural time difference

65
Q

The difference in sound pressure level of the sound reaching the two ears.

A

interaural level difference

66
Q

The acoustic process useful for bats, dolphins, and whales to locate and identify a target.

A

echolocation

67
Q

This is the phenomenon that gives auditory illusion causing perception of sound source to be toward the visual stimuli.

A

ventriloquism effect

68
Q

The process that takes place when a person reading inside the mall distinguishes the different sounds around.

A

auditory scene analysis

69
Q

The group of sequential or simultaneous sounds coming from a single sound source.

A

auditory stream

70
Q

The summation of the different sounds or stream a person hears inside the mall.

A

auditory scene

71
Q

Berger identified considerations when conducting auditory scene analysis. Enumerate these considerations (6).

A

onset time
location
similarity in timbre and pitch
proximity in time
auditory continuity
experience

72
Q

The effect that sounds make when a person is talking inside an empty room vs a room filled with objects.

A

Reverberations

73
Q

Upon knowing that the signal-to-noise ratio of the recorded conversation, you would anticipate that ___________________________.

A

The noise will be louder than the conversation, making it difficult to hear.

74
Q

True or False. Vowels tend to be lower in frequency than consonants.

A

True.

Speech & Hearing Mechanism (3 decks)

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