Auditory Development and Skills (Pedia & Geria)

Question 1

The auditory skills according to Erber’s Auditory Hierarchy from first level to highest.

Answer 1

Detection, discrimination, identification, comprehension

Question 2

It refers to the ability to recognize the suprasegmental features of sounds.

Answer 2

patterning

Question 3

At what age do infants begin to associate words to meaning?

Answer 3

7-9 months

Question 4

At what age do infants begin to identify and associate words related to the objects?

Answer 4

16-18 months

Question 5

At what age does a child begins to have an auditory memory of 5?

Answer 5

37 to 42 months

Question 6

At what age does a child begins to have an auditory memory of 2 items?

Answer 6

19 to 24 months

Question 7

True or False. Babies are born with functional hearing.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

Which develops first in the auditory system, peripheral or central auditory?

Answer 8

peripheral auditory system

Question 9

Based on Werner (2007), which stage of auditory development involves the maturation of the middle ear and the brainstem pathways?

Answer 9

Stage 1 - maturation of sound cooing

Question 10

At what age does the maturation of sound cooing occur?

Answer 10

birth to 6 months

Question 11

Based on Werner (2007), which stage of auditory development involves a child beginning to discriminate between speech sounds especially for vowels?

Answer 11

Stage 1 - maturation of sound cooing

Question 12

Based on Werner (2007), which stage of auditory development involves the maturation of the auditory cortex and central processing?

Answer 12

Stage 2 - maturation of selective listening and discovering new details in sound
Stage 3 - maturation of perceptual flexibility

Question 13

At what stage is selective listening mastered based on Werner (2007)?

Answer 13

Stage 3 - maturation of perceptual flexibility

Question 14

At what age does the maturation of perceptual flexibility occur?

Answer 14

6 years to adolescence

Question 15

Based on Werner (2007), which stage of auditory development involves the improvement of middle ear and brainstem transmission?

Answer 15

Stage 2 - maturation of selective listening and discovering new details in sound

Question 16

Based on Werner (2007), which stage of auditory development involves infants listening in a broadband manner?

Answer 16

stage 2 - maturation of selective listening and discovering new details in sound

Question 17

At what age does the maturation of selective listening and discovering new details in sound occur?

Answer 17

6 months to ~5 years

Question 18

The 1-3-6 rule in the early hearing detection and intervention program.

Answer 18

first month - newborn hearing screening
third month - diagnostic procedures
no later than 6 months - receive intervention for those identified with hearing loss

Question 19

When a child is diagnosed with hearing loss, enumerate possible effects to vocabulary development.

Answer 19

develops more slowly
difficulty learning abstract concepts, words with multiple meanings, etc.

Question 20

When a child is diagnosed with hearing loss, enumerate possible effects to sentence structure development.

Answer 20

difficulty in understanding and using age-appropriate word combinations
shorter sentences and simple structure
poor morphology

Question 21

When a child is diagnosed with hearing loss, enumerate possible effects to speech development.

Answer 21

limited repertoire
limited auditory feedback
limited or improper prosody

Question 22

When a child is diagnosed with hearing loss, enumerate possible effects to academic achievement.

Answer 22

difficulty keeping up with academic expectations

Question 23

When a child is diagnosed with hearing loss, enumerate possible effects to the development of social skills.

Answer 23

difficulty interacting with peers and establishing and maintaining friendships

Question 24

It refers to the progressive hearing loss related to age characterized by high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.

Answer 24

presbycusis

Question 25

Enumerate the changes in the outer ear structure related to advanced age.

Answer 25

pinna loses elasticity -> scaly and dry
increased hair growth within folds of pinna
thin and dry epithelial lining of ear canal
loss of elasticity of tympanic membrane

Question 26

Enumerate the changes in the middle ear structure related to advanced age.

Answer 26

loss of elasticity in the ossicular joints
rigidity of ossicular chain

Question 27

Enumerate the changes in the inner ear structure related to advanced age.

Answer 27

degeneration of hair cells and basilar membrane
partial atrophy of vestibulocochlear nerve
degeneration of stria vascularis

Question 28

What possible change can happen in the central auditory system in relation to advanced age?

Answer 28

reduction of number of functioning neurons in the ascending auditory pathway

Question 29

What are the four hypotheses that explain the connection between perception and cognition in aging?

Answer 29

Common Cause
Cognitive Load on Perception
Deprivation Hypothesis
Information Degradation