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PR3151 Finals > Spectrum of Activity Table > Flashcards

Spectrum of Activity Table Flashcards

1
Q

Pen G, Pen V route and activity?

A

Pen G (IV), Pen V (PO)
- MSSA (yellow)
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- Finegoldia magna

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2
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin route and activity?

A

Amoxicillin (PO), Ampicillin (IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- Finegoldia magna
- Haemophilus influenzae (yellow)
- E. coli (yellow)

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3
Q

Cloxacillin route and activity?

A

Cloxacillin (PO, IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp

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4
Q

Amoxicillin-clavulanate route and activity?

A

Amoxi-clav (PO, IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (cystitis only) (yellow)

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5
Q

Pip-tazo route and activity?

A

Pip-tazo (PO, IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (cystitis only) (yellow)
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (cystitis only) (yellow)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

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6
Q

What are general trends for penicillins route and activity?

What do you have to say about Cloxacillin?

What about the coverage about enterococcus?

A

Each type of pencillin has both IV and PO route, except pip-tazo which is only available in IV.

Cloxacillin has narrowest coverage of only MSSA and Strep grp

Penicillins are the main class which covers enterococcus faecalis.

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7
Q

1st gen cephalosporins? Route?

A

Cefazolin (IV) and cephalexin (PO)

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8
Q

Cefazolin and cephalexin (1st gen cephalosporins) activity?

A

Cefazolin (IV) and cephalexin (PO)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis

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9
Q

General trends regarding cephalosporins and enterococcus fecalis, finegoldia magna, bacteroides fragilis, H. influenzae and E. coli + K + P?

A
  • NONE of the cephalosporins cover enterococcus fecalis, except ceftriaxone (3rd gen) in combination
  • ALL cephalosporins cover finegoldia magna
  • NONE of the cephalosporins cover bacteroides fragilis
  • ALL cephalosporins cover H. influenzae and E. coli + K + P
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10
Q

General trend regarding in particular 1st gen cephalosporins and 3rd gen ceftazidime?

A
  • ONLY 1st gen cephalosporins and ceftazidime do not cover Strep. pneumoniae
  • Ceftazidime has narrowest gram (+)ve coverage among cephalosporins, only gram (+)ve it covers is finegoldia magna
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11
Q

Cefuroxime (2nd gen) route and activity?

A

Cefuroxime (IV, PO)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis

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12
Q

What do you have to say about route for cephalosporins? (which is PO?)

A
  • ONLY available PO is 1st gen (cephalexin) and 2nd gen (cefuroxime)
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13
Q

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen) route and activity?

A

Ceftriaxone (IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis (in combination)
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (cystitis)

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14
Q

Ceftazidime (3rd gen) route and activity?

A

Ceftazidime (IV)
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (cystitis)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

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15
Q

Cefepime (4th gen) route and activity?

A

Cefepime (IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (cystitis only) (yellow)
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (non-severe infx) (yellow)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

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16
Q

Ceftaroline (5th gen) route and activity?

A

Ceftaroline (IV)
- MRSA*
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (yellow) (cystitis)

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17
Q

What do you have to say about the general trend of carbapenems?

Especially ertapenem compared to meropenem, imipenem and doripenem?

A
  • Carbapenems are very broad spectrum
  • Ertapenem less broad coverage than meropenem, imipenem and doripenem
  • Ertapenem DOES NOT cover enterococcus fecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa unlike the other 3
18
Q

Meropenem, imipenem and doripenem route and activity?

A

Meropenem, imipenem and doripenem (ALL IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

19
Q

Are there any PO carbapenems availabile?

A

No

20
Q

Ertapenem route and activity?

A

Ertapenem (IV)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing)

21
Q

What do carbapenems NOT cover?

A
  • MRSA
  • CDAD
  • Atypicals
22
Q

What is the general trend regarding beta-lactams?

A

Majority beta lactams cover MSSA, Strep grp, Strep pneumoniae and finegoldia magna

23
Q

What is a general trend about macrolides gram (+)ve cover?

What can you say about their route?

What are macrolides typically used to cover?

A

All yellow
(meaning all are used based on AST)

All available as PO or IV

Usually used to cover atypicals

24
Q

Erythromycin is grouped alone while Clarithromycin and Azithromycin are group together. What is the (minor) difference in their coverages?

A

Same coverage for everything except Erythromycin’s coverage for H. influenzae is yellow instead of green

25
Q

Erythromycin route and coverage?

A

Erythromycin (PO, IV)
ALL YELLOW (except atypical coverage which is green)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Atypicals* (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

26
Q

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin route and coverage?

A

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin (PO, IV)
ALL YELLOW (except H. influenzae and atypical coverage which are green)
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Atypicals* (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

27
Q

What can you say about Tetracycline coverage?

Including regarding atypical coverage?

A

Quite broad spectrum also, almost as broad as carbapenem BUT a lot of them are yellow (ALL yellow except for finegoldia magna, H. influenzae and atypical coverage)

Tetracyclines can also cover atypicals

28
Q

Doxycycline route and coverage?

A

Doxycycline (PO)
(ALL yellow except for finegoldia
magna, H. influenzae and atypical coverage)
- MRSA*
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing)
- Atypicals* (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

29
Q

What can you say about the general trend of AGs’s gram (+)ve coverage, anaerobic and atypical coverage?

What are AGs typically used for?

A
  • AGs have poor gram (+)ve coverage
  • DO NOT cover anaerobics or atypicals
  • Typically used for gram (-)ve aerobes coverage
30
Q

Do AGs have PO route?

A

No

31
Q

Gentamicin route and coverage?

A

Gentamicin (IV)
- MSSA (in combination)
- Enterococcus fecalis (in combination)
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing)

32
Q

Amikacin route and coverage?

A

Amikacin (IV)
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa* (UTI only)

33
Q

What can you say about the general trend of fluoroquinolones?

What routes are they available in?

Do FQs cover anaerobes?

A
  • Newer generation FQs like levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are respiratory FQ, have better coverage against gram (+)ve and atypicals compared to ciprofloxacin
  • ALL avail in PO and IV
  • Moxifloxacin is the ONLY FQ that covers anaerobes (finegoldia magna and bacteroides fragilis (yellow))
34
Q

Ciprofloxacin route and activity?

A

Ciprofloxacin (PO, IV)
- Enterococcus fecalis (yellow) (uncomplicated UTI only)
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (yellow)
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (yellow)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

35
Q

Levofloxacin route and activity?

A

Levofloxacin (PO, IV)
- MRSA* (yellow) (use with caution)
- MSSA (yellow) (use with caution)
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis (yellow) (uncomplicated UTI only)
- H. influenzae
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (yellow)
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (yellow)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
- Atypicals* (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

36
Q

Moxifloxacin route and activity?

A

Moxifloxacin (PO, IV)
- MRSA* (use with caution)
- MSSA (use with caution)
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis (yellow)
- H. influenzae
- Atypicals* (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

37
Q

Co-trimoxazole route and activity?

A

Co-trimoxazole (IV, PO)
- MRSA*
- MSSA
- Strep. pneumoniae (yellow)
- H. influenzae (yellow)
- E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis
- ESBL producing E. coli, Klebsiella (yellow)
- Enterobacter (Amp-C producing) (yellow)

38
Q

Vancomycin route and activity?

A

Vancomycin (IV, PO)
- MRSA*
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Enterococcus fecalis
- C. diff (PO agent only)

39
Q

Metronidazole route and activity?
What is it typically used for?

A

Metronidazole (IV, PO)
Used for anaerobic coverage ONLY
- Finegoldia magna
- C. diff
- Bacteroides fragilis

40
Q

Clindamycin route and activity?

What is it typically used for?

A

Clindamycin (IV, PO)
ALL yellow except for finegoldia magna which is green
Typical used for severe anerobic infections
- MRSA
- MSSA
- Strep grp
- Strep. pneumoniae
- Finegoldia magna
- Bacteroides fragilis

41
Q

Which classes cover atypicals?

A
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
  • FQs (except cipro)

PR3151 Finals (11 decks)

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