Spectrometry Flashcards
Qualitative analysis
- Identity or properties of the drug or substance
- Separation, isolation or purification required in most cases, but not all
Quantitative analysis
How much substance is present
Frequency
- How quickly light gets to you
- hertz (Hz) (1 cycle/sec)
- kilohertz (1000 cycle/sec)
Wavelength
distance in meters between peak and trough
Electromagnetic energy properties
waves, frequency, and wavelength
1 micron = X meters
10^-6 meters
1 nanometer = X meters
10^-9 meters (1 m)
1 Angstrom = X meters
10^-10 meters
Wavelengths of the visible part of the spectrum in nanometers
390 - 750 nm
Wavelengths of the visible part of the spectrum in angstroms
4300 A (violet) - 7000 A (red)
The shorter the wavelength, the _____ the frequency and the ____ higher the energy
The shorter the wavelength, the greater the frequency and the higher the energy.
Short wavelength = high energy = blue/violet light
As molecules are exposed to light (or other energy) they can absorb energy by:
- electromagnetic excitation
- molecular vibrations
electromagenetic excitation
electrons in the molecule goes from a low energy state to a higher energy state)
molecular vibrations
each compound has natural vibration frequency
Simplest molecule of 2 atoms bound together, we can excite the electrons and they can vibrate, stretch, and bend
After a molecule is excited it can release the energy in various forms
- heat (most common!)
- rupture of the molecule (washing a red shirt fades to pink when hung in the sun to dry)
- re-emission of energy as altered electromagnetic energy (fluorescence)