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CC LAB > Spectro, Electro > Flashcards

Spectro, Electro Flashcards

1
Q

Provide foundation for all the measurements in the modern clinical chemistry

A

Analytical Techniques and Instrumentation

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2
Q

Measurement of light transmitted by a solution in a much narrower wavelength to determine the concentration of light absorbing substances in the solution

A

Spectrophotometer

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3
Q

It is transmitted via electromagnetic waves and characterized by their frequency and wavelength

A

Energy

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4
Q

It is the distance between two successive peaks, expressed in terms of nanometer

A

Wavelength

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5
Q

Number of vibrations of of wave per second

A

Frequency

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6
Q

A form of electromagnetic radiation consisting energy traveling in waves.

A

Light

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7
Q

Electromagnetic radiation consist of:

A

Gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves and radiowaves

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8
Q

States that the concentration of a substance is directly proportional or inversely proportional

A

Beer’ law

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9
Q

Absorbance

A

A=abc= 2-log%T

a= molar absorptivity
b= length of light through the solution
c= concentration of absorbing molecules

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10
Q

Transmittance

A

%T= It/ Io x 100

It= transmitted light through the sample
It= transmitted light striking the sample

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11
Q

Components of spectrophotometer

A

Light source
Entrance slit
Monochromator
Exit slit
Cuvet
Photodetector

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12
Q

Provides polychromatic device /radiant energy to measure the analyte of interest

A

Light source

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13
Q

Emits radiation that changes in intensity

A

Continuum source

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14
Q

Examples of contiuum source:

A

Tungsten- used light source in the visible
Deuterium- used to provide UV radiation
Xenon- discharge lamp, covers both the UV and visible range.

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15
Q

Emits limited radiation and wavelengths

A

Line source

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16
Q

Examples of line source

A

Mercury and sodium vapor lamps- uv and visible region
Hollow and cathode lamp- for atomic absorption spectrophotometers

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17
Q

Minimizes stray light or unwanted light and prevents the entrance of scattered light

A

Entrance slit

18
Q

Isolate specific wavelengths of light

A

Monochromator

19
Q

Types of monochromator

A

Prism
Diffraction gratings

20
Q

Wedge-shaped pieces of glass or quartz, allows transmission of light, allowing only the desired wavelength to pass through an exit slit

A

Prism

21
Q

Small grooves cut, behave like a very small prism, separates white light into various color

A

Diffraction gratings

22
Q

Simple, least expensive
Produce monochromatic light based on the principle of constructive interference of waves

A

Filters

23
Q

Controls the width of light beam

A

Exit slit

24
Q

Used to hold the solution

A

Cuvette

25
Q

Types of cuvette

A

Borosilicate glass
Quartz or plastic
Alumina silica glass

26
Q

Can convert transmitted energy into equivalent amount of electrical

A

Photodetector

27
Q

Types of photodetector

A

Photocell
Photoemissive
Photomultiplier tube

28
Q

Amount of light passing through the sample is indicated by a moving needle on a dial or digital display.

A

Readout device

29
Q

Migration of charged particles in an electric field

A

Electrophoresis

30
Q

What are the charge of proteins during electrophoresis

A

Negative

31
Q

Components of electrophoresis

A

Electrical power, support medium, buffer,sample and detecting system

32
Q

Factors affecting migration

A

Net electric charge of the molecule
Size and shape of molecule
Electric field strength
Nature of supporting medium
Temperature of operation

33
Q

Its function is to supply electrical power by providing constant current,voltage and power

A

Power supply/ electrical power

34
Q

Carries the applied current, establishes the pH at which electrophoresis is performed, determines the electrical charge on the solute

A

Buffers

35
Q

Effects of the buffer’s ionic strength

A

Conductance of the support
The thickness of the ionic cloud surrounding a charged molecule

36
Q

Provides the matrix in which the separation takes place

A

Supporting medium

37
Q

Earliest support medium

A

Paper

38
Q

Used to separate macromolecules on the basis of both surface charge and molecular size

A

Starch gel and cellulose acetate

39
Q

Supporting media of choice for electrophoresis, separation is based on charge to mass ratio of the protein

A

Agarose

40
Q

It is thermostable, transparent, strong and relatively chemically inert

A

Polyarcylamide gel

41
Q

It holds the buffer solution and the supporting medium

A

Electrophoresis chamber

CC LAB (2 decks)

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