Specimens Flashcards
- Throat swabs
- Nasopharyngeal swabs
- Throat washings
- Sputum
- Tracheal and transtracheal aspirate
- Bronchoscopy, BAL, and lung tissue specimens
M. pneumoniae
- Tissue fluid expressed from ulcers and lesions for microscopy
- Blood (serum) or CSF for serologic testing
- A small section of umbilical cord for testing congenital syphilis
Treponema pallidum
- sputum
- tracheal aspirate
- endotracheal aspirate
- bronchial washing
- bronchial alveolar lavage fluid
- nasopharyngeal aspirate
- gastric aspirate
- CSF
- peritoneal, synovial fluid
- tissues and fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens
Specimens for Xpert MTB/RIF test
Other fluid aspirates and biopsy specimens can only be submitted to specifically designated
laboratories equipped with certified biosafety cabinets such as in
TB culture laboratories
are currently not accepted specimens for Xpert MTB/RIF testing
Blood, urine and stools
MTB detected; rifampicin resistance not detected
T
MTB detected; rifampicin resistance detected
RR
MTB detected; rifampicin resistance indeterminate
TI
MTB not detected
N
Invalid/no result/error
I
It is a manual molecular assay to detect MTBC based on LAMP (loop-mediated
isothermal amplification) techniques, a unique temperature-independent
technique for amplifying DNA. It requires less than 1 hour to perform and can be
read with the naked eye under ultraviolet light.
TB LAMP (Eiken Chemical, Japan)
It can replace smear microscopy, especially in remote areas
TB LAMP (Eiken Chemical, Japan)
it cannot detect rifampicin resistance and there is limited evidence of performance in comparison to Xpert MTB/RIF in children and people living with HIV (PLHIV) who have more smear negative pulmonary TB
TB LAMP (Eiken Chemical, Japan)
workflow for TB LAMP
- sample preparation
- DNA extraction (PURE)
- Amplification (LAMP reaction)
- Detection
It is family of DNA strip-based tests that determine the drug resistance profile of
a MTBC through the pattern of binding of amplicons (DNA amplification products) to probes targeting the most common resistance associated mutations to first- and second-line agents
Line Probe Assay (LPA)
Line Probe Assay (LPA) is used for rapid detection of drug resistance to
rifampicin and isoniazid
LPA is recommended for:
- direct testing of [?]
specimens (direct testing) - a [?] of MTBC
(indirect testing).
smear-positive; cultured isolate
This refers to the staining of AFB in direct smears of unconcentrated sputum specimen
Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM)
DSSM It can be performed either by
brightfield microscopy or fluorescence
microscopy
DSSM serves as a basis for the diagnosis of TB cases. This is also used:
a. to [?] of patients with TB while they are on anti-TB
treatment; and,
b. [?] at the end of treatment in drug-sensitive TB cases.
monitor progress; confirm cure
