Specimen Paper Mistakes

Question 1

How would you see stomata on epidermis tissue

Answer 1

Mount epidermis on a slide. Count the stomata in one are and repeat in four more areas

Question 2

Why is it a benefit a plant doesn’t have too many stomata on upper surface

Answer 2

So it doesn’t loos to much water and wilt

Question 3

how to reproduce plant

Answer 3

take stem cells from merristems

Question 4

effect of tmv

Answer 4

less photosynthesis because of lack of chlorophyll
* therefore less glucose made
so
* less energy released for growth
* because glucose is needed for respiration
and /or
* therefore less amino acids / proteins / cellulose for growth
* because glucose is needed for making amino acids / proteins /
cellulos

Question 5

describe drug test

Answer 5

pre-clinical trials of the new drug on cells / tissues / live animals
to test toxicity, dosage and efficacy
* clinical trials / test on healthy volunteers and patients at very low
doses
* so that you can monitor for safety / side effects
* and only then do trials to find the optimum dosage and test for
efficacy
* double blind trial / use of placebo
* which does not contain the new drug
* random allocation of patients to groups
* so no one knows who has placebo / the new drug
* peer review of data
* to help prevent false claims

Question 6

how does glucose go from small intestine to muscle cell

Answer 6

glucose is absorbed by diffusion
into the bloodstream
then blood delivers glucose to
muscles in capillariees

Question 7

how to make investigation repeatable

Answer 7

collect the CO2 / gas with a
measuring cylinder / gas syringe
(volume collected) in a certain
time using a timer / watch

Question 8

why would someone with celiac have those symptons

Answer 8

damaged villi reduce surface
area for absorption (of food
molecules)
(therefore) fewer amino acids
and glucose absorbed
with less glucose transfer of
energy from respiration is
reduced
and fewer amino acids available
to build new proteins

Question 9

why happens during division

Answer 9

cytoplasm and cell membrane
dividing
to form two identical daughter
cells

Question 10

Explain how the human circulatory system is adapted to:
* supply oxygen to the tissues
* remove waste products from tissues

Answer 10

dual / double circulatory system which means that it has higher
blood pressure and a greater flow of blood to the tissues
* heart made of specialised (cardiac) muscle cells which have
long protein filaments that can slide past each other to shorten
the cell to bring about contraction for pumping blood
* heart pumps blood to lungs in pulmonary artery so that oxygen
can diffuse into blood from air in alveoli
* blood returns to heart via pulmonary vein where muscles pump
blood to the body via aorta
* oxygen carried by specialised cells / RBCs which contain
haemoglobin to bind oxygen and have no nucleus so there is
more space available to carry oxygen
* arteries carry oxygenated blood to tissues where capillaries
deliver oxygen to cells for respiration and energy release
* thin walls allow for easy diffusion to cells
* large surface area of capillaries to maximise exchange
* waste products removed eg CO2 diffuse from cells into the
blood plasma
* blood goes back to the heart in veins which have valves to
prevent backflow
* cardiac output can vary according to demand / is affected by
adrenaline

Question 11

The pregnancy test strip will show a positive test result when a woman is pregnant.
Explain how the pregnancy test strip works to show a positive result

Answer 11

(as) urine passes through
reaction zone
HCG hormone binds to the
mobile HCG antibody (in the
reaction zone)
(passes up the stick) HCG
hormone binds to the
immobilised HCG antibodies in
the results zone
(the other) antibodies which do
not attach to HCG
bind to antibodies in control
zone
blue dye appears in both control
and results zones (to show
positive result