Specifics Flashcards
what happens during G2 phase?
Enzymes check the duplicated chromosomes for errors/corrections and cytoplasmic materials accumulate to prepare for division
explain rhizomes
- new shoots grow at the nodes
- perennating organ
explain suckers
- vegetative stem structure
- to propagate, suckers divided to grow into mature plants
role of histones in epigenetics
act like a knob
- loosely wound DNA = gene expressed more
- tighly wound DNA = gene expressed less
explain secondary proteins
hydrogen bonding of peptide backbone causes repeating patten
e.g. enzymes
in structure and function of proteins
hydrogen peroxidase (lactase)
consists of 4 polypeptide chains
found in liver + breaks down harmful hydrogen peroxide into oxygen + water
e.g. of motor proteins
actin, myosin
role of receptor proteins + e.g.
transmit signals around body
e.g. ACh receptor with which neurons stimulate muscle cells
when ligase glues okazaki fragments, it does this by…
forming phosphodiester bonds
__________ ___________ between amino acids
polypeptide bonds
having poly-A tail… (the one you missed)
helps bind to proteins to initiate translation
most common DNA profiling method? this is essential in recognising the difference between DNA sequencing and profiling
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
during DNA sequencing, order of temperature?
heat to 90, cool to 50, heat to 60
DNA sequencing or profiling?
has the lighting up
DNA sequencing - convert colours to letters
when talking about PCR process, you have to mention this
- Denaturation
- Annealing (cooled and primers bind)
- DNA Synthesis
Taq polymerase
comes from hydrothermal pools so it’s heat tolerant to the high temperatures in the PCR thermal cycler
