Reproduction Flashcards
Why must offspring carry the same genetic traits or a mix of traits from their 💏?
- To ensure that even though individuals die, the gene pool and the species continues
- Offspring inherit favourable genes ensuring the mechanism of natural selection resulting in adaptation
asexual reprod key term?
giving rise to offspring that are genetically identical to each other/parent
sexual reprod key terms?
comb of gametes -> offspring genetically diff to 💏
sexual reprod advs?
Increased genetic diversity therefore potential to survive in a changing environment
Methods can promote dispersal of offspring
sexual reprod disadvs?
asexual reprod advs?
No gametes needed; Only one parent needed; rapid population growth is possible (bc results in hundreds of offspring/zygotes)
Disadv of asexual reproduction
Lack of genetic diversity which can lead to population being susceptible to changes; Needs stable environ; overcrowding may occur
Adv of internal fertilisation 🤰🏻 (2)
Higher rates of successful fertilisation
Embryo isolated within female (parental care) → increased chances of survival of offspring as they get protection from predation and outside nutrients
Disadv of 🤰🏻 (3)
Requires high energy to find a mate
Few offspring produced
Larger contribution of the female parent only
Adv of external fertilisation (4)
⬇ energy to find a mate
⬆ number of offspring produced
Greater mix of genes within a group → ⬆ genetic diversity + ⬆ chance of species survival (bc fertilised by different males)
Less competition btwn offspring and their parents
Disadv of external fertilisation (3)
- Fewer chances of survival of offspring as there is no parental care and offspring can get preyed upon
- Many offspring do not get fertilised or survive until reproductive maturity
- Can survive in moistened or aquatic environments only
Similarities of internal + external fertilisation (3)
Male + female gametes required
Sperm fertilise eggs when they unite/in close proximity to each other
Zygote requires a 💧y environment for development
Stamen includes…
Pistil includes…
Anther (fluffy structure that produces pollen) + filament; men = male part
(sticky) stigma, style, ovary
How does fertilisation occur in plants?
Via pollination - process by which pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the plant, thereby enabling fertilisation and reproduction
flowchart - steps for 🌼 fertilisation
- Pollen grain (from the stigma) grows into a pollen tube - growing down through the style
- Reaches the ovule where inside the ovule, male gamete fuses with female gamete = zygote formed
- Zygote divides repeatedly to form embryo (future plant) in the ovule
- Ovary grows rapidly to form fruit
- Ovule develops into a seed
bulbs is _________ reproduction
- def
- e.g.
asexual
- modified roots (underground storage organ) that consists of a short stem surrounded by fleshy leaves: new shoots develop
- daff, onion
runners is ____________ reproduction
- def
- e.g.
asexual
- side branches that grow close to the ground and develop new plantlets on them
- 🍓, spinifex grass
rhizomes is ____________ reproduction
- def
- e.g.
asexual
- (perennating organ) that grows horizontally underground, new shoots grow at the node
- ginger, fern
suckerz
e.g. 🍌s
what artif vegetative propagation method is this?
cuttings
what artif vegetative propagation method is this?
grafting
