Specification, Certification and Accreditation Flashcards
stating what the plant is supposed to do and the resources required for this
specification
evaluation of all parts of the installation measured against existing standards
certification
declaration by a neutral third party that the certification program is administered in a way that meets the relevant standards or norms
accreditation
Benefits of certification
- Traceability
- Safety of plant and surrounding area
- Established suitability for intended purpose
- Established suitability in hazardous environment
- Established suitability in hygienic processes
Ensures that the correct certificatation and documentation has been obtained
Accreditation
Global Standards
Ensure that branded products are of identical specification independent of country of manufacture
Staff are familiar with equipment when working in different countries
Proof that the company is operating safely and ethically
Ensure the material used in construction is not affected by the process fluid, and the process fluid is not contaminated by the material
Material certificates
Refer to the hygienic design of the device
EHEDG or 3A
Hygienic certificates
What EHEDG stands for
European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group
Ensure that the device complies with local legislation
Conformity certificates
Ensure the device is factory tested and is accurate within set limits
Calibration certificates
ensure the device can be used in explosive environments
Intrinsically Safe Certificates (ATEX)
Refer to the level of protection that instrument housing provides
Ingress protection (IP) rates
Probability of failure on demand
Safety integrity level
Higher SIL means
- greater consequences
- lower acceptable failure rate
- higher levels of protection required from safety systems
Probability of a system failing to respond to a demand for action from a potentially hazardous condition
Probability of failure (PFD)
Different levels of protection
Independent protection layers (IPL)
Order of priority of independent protection layers
1) Process design
2) Critical alarms
3) Automatic SIS (safety instrumental systems)
4) Relief devices
5) Plant response
6) Community response (run away)
Used to determine the process hazards and risks and the level of protective layers
Process Hazard Analysis
Hazard and Operability Study
Examples of processes that will also need certification
- processes to produce pharmaceuticals
what the process and laboratory testing has to follow
Good Laboratory Practice
Cleaning the interior of pipes and other fittings without disassembly
Clean in Place
Clean in Place proceedures for pipes
high flow rate turbulent flow of clean solution
Clean in Place proceedures for vessels
spray solution to wet the surface (high or low energy)
How to improve CIP results
- Higher temperature
- Higher pressures
- Higher concentrations of solution
Factors that affect the ability to clean
- Large pipe radii are better than sharp bends
- Threaded connections are inherently unhygienic
- Welds are better than removeable joints
- Anything that penetrates into the flow path has potenital to accumulate residue such as obstructions and constrictions
Often follows CIP
Sterilisation in place (SIP)
Steam treatment to remove microbiological activity. Sterilises the equipment with hot steam. Needs a certain temperature and duration for sterility
Sterilisation in place
Pressure hold test before SIP to check to leaks
Temperature probes needed to verify high enough temperature as expected cold spots. These might be additional to those needed for normal processes.
Need to drain concentrate. Then flush with sterile gas
using rubber ‘pigs’ to help to clean pipes
pigging
When pigging is not suitable
- large radius
- elbows are not suitable
- sharp bends
Benefits of pigging
- less waste product -> increasing yields
- Less water use
- Faster CIP, change overs
- Reduced carbon foor print
- More efficient operation increasing profits
- Pig can be used to prevent aeration of product which is ideal for wines, frothing liquids, etc.
Allows for easy installation and removed when necessary
Lowest pressure rating of three options
Prone to leakage
Not recommended for applications with toxic, explosive or corrosive materials or hygienic applications
Threading
Permanently welded to process pipes tanks
Removal requires cutting device out of the system.
Highest pressure rating and generally used in applications with high velocity flow, high temperature or extreme pressure.
They are necessary where a leak proof seal is required
Welding
Bolted to a mating flange that is welded onto process pipe or tank. They provide high pressure ratings, easy installation and simple replacement.
Used in applications with corrosive environments, high velocity, high temperature or high pressure
Flanged joints
