Specific problems in Reproduction and Sexuality Flashcards
A term used to describe the inability to conceive; not pregnant after 1 year of unprotected sex
infertility
couples who never conceived
primary subfertility
couples who have previously conceived
secondary subfertility
Factors affecting conceptual rate
Age Smoking Alcohol Coital ferquency Body weight Drugs (androgen and NSAIDs) Occupational hazards
survival time of sperms in female genital tract
5 days
ovum life expectancy
1 day
major cause of tubal infertility and cervicitis in women
urethritis, epididymitis, accessory gland infection in men
Gonorrhea and chlamydia
health hx must be taken in male
24 hr food intake UTI Congenital problems Surgical repair of hernia Job sitting all day Sexual practices Past contraceptives
health history must be taken in females
Past pregnancy, miscarriage Hx of contraceptive Past reprod problems endocrine problems Occupational hazards Douches Childhood cancer
Factors that cause male subfertility
Disturbance in spermatogenesis
Inadequate production of FSH and LH
Obstruction in Tubules, ducts
Qualitative and quant changes in sminal fluid
sperm count
46-50 million sperm per ejaculation
Factors affecting limited sperm count
Increased body temp
Congenital abnormalities (cryptorchidism)
Varicocele (varicosity in the spermatic vein)
Surgery
Endocrine Imbalances
Drugs and alcohol
Factors that cause obstruction or Impaired sperm motility
Disease (mumps orchitis)
Benign hypertrophy
Hypospadias
Extreme obesity
Factors that cause ejaculation problems
Erectile dysfunction (Impotence) Premature ejaculation
Factors that cause female subfertility
Limited production FSH and LH
Anovulation
Problems of ova transport
Cervical and vaginal factors
ovaries produce excess testosterone, thus lowering FSH and LH levels; cause irreg mens
Polycystic ovary syndrome
tubal transport problems (2)
Chronic Perlvic Inflamm disease (PID)
Ruptured appendix
GnRH medicine that stops the release of hormones to prevent the growth of endometriosis
elagolix (Orilissa)
Ovulation induction agents
Clomiphine citrate
GnRh analogs
Gonadotropins
Bromocriptine
types of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
In Vitro Fertilization
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
involves injection of single sperm into the egg; 15-35% egg retrieval
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
