Specific Bacteria: Key Characteristics Flashcards
Gram positive anaerobic cocci
Peptostreptococcus & Peptococcus–normal flora; head & neck infections and genital infections (tubo-ovarian abscess, PID etc)
Coagulase +, B hemolytic, DNAse positive staphylococci that can grow on mannitol salt agar (pink–> yellow)
S. aureas
CONS that is novobiocin resistant
S. saprophyticus ( white chalky colonies); 2nd most common cause of UTI in young females (E.coli is 1st)
CONS that is novobiocin sensitive
S. epidermidis; right sided endocarditis in intravenous drug users
Gram positive cocci, catalase negative
Streptococci spp
How can streptococci classified?
Hemolytic ability (alpha, beta, gamma) or Lancefild surface antigens (can be confirmatory test)
What are the beta hemolytic strep?
Group A Strep (pyogenes)
Group B Strep (agalactiae)
or Group C, F and G
What are the alpha hemolytic strep?
S. pneumo or viridans streptococci (includes S. mitis group, S.anginosus group, S. mutans group and S. salivarus group)
What are the gamma hemolytic strep?
- S. bovis (AKA Group D strep; can also be alpha hemolytic)
- Enterococci
Beta hemolytic strep, A-disk sensitivity, PYR+
Strep pyogenes (Group A Strep) A-disk = bacitracin
Beta hemolytic strep, CAMP test+, hippurate hydrolysis+ (purple solution in tube with P disk?)
Strep agalactiae (Group B Strep)
Gram + strep, bile esculin +, gamma hemolytic, 6.5% NaCl tolerant, PYR hydrolysis +, LAP+
Enterococcus strains
some possess the Group D antigen-confusing I know
Gram + strep, bile esculin+, gamma hemolytic, no growth in 6.5%NaCl, PYR hydrolysis -
Strep bovis (Group D Strep), can also be alpha hemolytic -normal intestinal flora; causes septicemia & endocarditis; found in blood in patient's with colon cancer
alpha hemolytic strep, bile soluble, optochin (P-disk) sensitive
Strep pneumo
gram positive strep, bile esculin negative, Optochin (P disk) resistant
S. salivaris, S sanguis, S. mitis, S. anginosus (VIridans streptococci)
gram positive cocci, normal flora and cause opportunistic infections, catalase negative, vancomycin-resistant
Leuconostoc & Pediococcus (strep-like organisms)
Gram negative cocci, anaerobic
Veilonella
Gram negative cocci, oxidase+, catalase+, nonmotile, kidney bean shaped diplococci
Neisseria spp (N. gonorrhea, N. meningitides, N. lactamica
Gram negative cocci, oxidase+, catalase+, nonmotile, DNAse positive, kidney bean shaped diplococci, hockey puck sign
Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram positive rods with diphtheroid morphology
Corynebacterium, Listeria and Propionibacterium
Gram positive rods, obligate anaerobe, spore-forming
Clostridia spp
like anaerobic conditions like tissue
Gram positive rods, non-anaerobic, spore-forming
Bacillus spp
can be out in the aerobic environment like anthrax spores
Gram positive rod, non-spore former
Lactobacilli (anaerobic)
Listeria (aerobic)
Double-zone hemolysis, lecithinase positive, stormy fermentation of milk, Reverse CAMP test
Clostridium perfringens
Which Clostridia spp form neurotoxins? Which is motile?
C. botulinum & C tetani
Motile–>tetani
Aerobic gram positive bacilli, spore former, non-motile
Bacillus anthracis (all other Bacilli are motile)
Aerobic gram + bacilli, beta hemolytic, motile, penicillin sensitive
Bacillus cereus (seriously? it's sens to penicillin?); food poisoning assoc. w/boiled rice
Non-spore forming gram + bacillus, beta hemolytic, tumbling (umbrella) motility at room temperature, catalase+, bile esculin+, exhibits cold enrichment
Listeria monocytogenes (pregnant women at risk for granulomatosis infantisepticum)
musty basement odor, dry and chalky colonies
Nocadia
Metachromatic granules with methylene blue
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Non-spore forming gram + bacillus, Metallic sheen on SBA agar, resistant to everything but vancomycin
Corynebacterium jeikeium
infections in immunocompromised pts and of prosthetic devices
Which gram- rod causes co-infection with entamoeba, has a predilection for iron-overloaded individuals, produces H2S and is indole +
Edwardsiella
Which bacteria do not ferment? (K/K)
Psudomonas, Eikenella, Moraxella, Campylobacter
Which bacteria ferment glucose but not lactose? (K/A)
Shigella, Providencia, Yersinia, Serratia
Which bacteria ferment glucose and also produce H2S? (K/A/H2S)
SPEC–> Salmonella, Proteus mirabilis, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter (some strains)
Which bacteria are lactose fermenters? (A/A)
Eshericia
Which bacteria are strong lactose fermenters? (A/A/Gas+)
Klebsiella and Enterobacter
Which organisms are associated with dog bites?
Pasteurella multocida, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, Staph intermedius
What family of gram negative organisms are oxidase -, glucose fermenters?
Enterobacetericiae:
Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, E. coli, Proteus
what are the gram negative organisms that are oxidase positive?
Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Neisseria, and Brucella. One can hallucinate on PCP, a VAN driven by an OX named “Bruce.” who picks up Moraxella
What Clostridium species causes foodborne illness and myonecrosis?
“ “psudomembranous colitis?
“ “ is associated with neoplasias such as colon, breast and hematologic malignancies?
- ) C. perfringens
- ) C. difficile
- ) C. botulinum
Name some common anaerobes
Actinomyces, Clostridium, Propionibacterium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Veillonella
