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USLME Pharmacology > Specific antidotes > Flashcards

Specific antidotes Flashcards

0
Q

Antidote for AChE inhibitors (too much ach), organophosphates/cholinergic toxidrome

A

atropine > pralidoxime

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1
Q

Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

Antidote for Amphetamines (basic)

A

NH4Cl (ACIDIFY urine)

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3
Q

Antidote for anticholinergic/antimuscarinic poisoning

A

physostigmine (AchE inhibitor to increase ach) **impt to control hyperthermia since no ach = no activation of sweat glands = no sweating

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4
Q

Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil (BZ antagonist)

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5
Q

Antidote for b-blocker toxicity

A

glucagon (stress response to increase sympathetic activity, as well as increase glucose)

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6
Q

Antidote for CO poisoning

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen

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7
Q

Antidote for copper (e.g. Wilson’s disease), arsenic, gold poisoning

A

Penicillamine

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8
Q

Antidote for Cyanide poisoning

A

nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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9
Q

Antidote for digitalis (digoxin) poisoning

A

digibind (anti-dig Fab fragments)

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10
Q

Antidote for for heparin toxicity

A

protamin sulfate

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11
Q

Antidote for iron poisoning

A

deferoxamine, deferasirox (chelate Fe3+)

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12
Q

Antidote for Lead poisoning

A

EDTA (make sure it’s Ca2+, not the Na+ one that can cause severe hypocalcemia), dimercapol (peanut allergy + needs to be given with alkalinizing agent), succimer, penicillamine

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13
Q

Antidote for mercury, arsenic, gold

A

dimercapol (BAL, peanut allergy, needs an alkalinizing agent), succimer

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14
Q

Antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

A

fomepizole (inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase) > ethanol, dialysis

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15
Q

Antidote for methemoglobin (when Fe2+ –> Fe3+, this type of Hb can’t carry O2)

A

methylene blue, vitamin C

16
Q

Antidote for opioid toxicity

A

naloxone (mu antagonist), naltrexone

17
Q

Antidote for salicylates poisoning

A

NaHCO3 to alkalinize urine), dialysis

18
Q

Antidote for TCAs poisoning

A

NaHCO3 for plasma alkalinization to increase binding with TCA so less free active TCA as well as promote its secretion and prevent its binding to cardiac tissues

19
Q

Antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase (too much plasmin to declot –> bleeding)

A

aminocaproic acid

20
Q

Antidote for warfarin toxicity

A

Vitamin K (delayed effect), FFP (immediate)

USLME Pharmacology (15 decks)

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