Species Interactions. Flashcards
What is competition?
Fitness for both species decreases, but one is decreasing slower. Competing for same niche.
What are the types of species interactions?
Competition (-/-) Commensalism (0/+) Amensalism (0/-) Mutualism (+/+) Consumption (+/-)
What is a niche?
Total amount of resources consumed.
Two types of niches?
- Fundamental- total when competition isn’t in effect
2. Realized- actual amount of resources when competition is in effect.
What are the types of competition?
Preemptive Consumptive Overgrowth Encounter Territorial Chemical
What is preemptive?
One individual occupies space prevents others from using resources
Ex. Ants and acacia tree
What is consumptive?
Multiple organisms use same resource
Ex. Insects/hummingbirds and flowers
What is overgrowth?
Organism grows over another
Ex. Fern leaves grow over another plant.
What is encounter?
Two species directly interact w/ each other for same resource.
Ex. Vultures and hyenas.
What is territorial?
Mobile organism protects it’s surroundings.
What is chemical?
One species produces toxins that negatively affect another.
Ex. Holly leaf tree and cyanide.
What is mutualism?
Both specifies benefit and fitness increases.
Ex. Anemone and clownfish.
What is amensalism?
One species harms another w/o knowing or caring.
Ex. Cows grazing.
What is consumption?
One species increases fitness by consuming all or part of another species.
What is a keystone?
Species that is small in ecosystem but has a large impact.
Ex. Starfish.
