Species Interaction Flashcards
consumption of plants by animals
herbivory
camouflage, warning coloration, protective armor, living in groups (+,-)
predation
parasitism
species interaction where only one species benefits, the host is harmed (+,-)
both species benefit from each other (+,+)
mutualism
one species benefits and the other is unaffected (+,0)
example: birds and trees
commensalism
natural selection
will force competitors to use resources differently, a way to avoid competition between species and allow for the coexistence
once a predator has learned to avoid the model, it will also avoid mimic
batesian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry
a predator has learned to avoid all species with that coloration through an encounter with only species
population
a particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country
the movement of individuals in space
dispersal
individuals move away from a subpopulation
emigration
individuals move into a new subpopulation
immigration
factors that affect a population size depending on the population density
density-dependent
- competition for food, water, space
- disease
- predation
density-dependent factors
factors that influence the density of a population without regard for the population density
- spraying pesticides
- change in temperature or climate
- destruction of habitat
ecologists use this to look at a population drop-off with time, usually will measure a group or cohort of a population born at the same time
survivorship curve
produce large numbers of offspring but provide few resources for their support
r-strategist
produce relatively few young but invest considerable resources into their support
k-strategist
- small size organism
- few offspring are produced
- energy used to make each offspring is low
r-strategist
- short life expectancy
- large size of organism
k-stratigist
