Species and Taxonomy Flashcards
What’s the definition of a species
They are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring. They are therefore able to produce more offspring. This means that, when a species reproduces sexually, ant of the genes of its individual can, in theory, be combined with another
What’s the bionomial system
The first name - generic name - denotes the genus to which the organism belongs to
The second name - specific name - denotes the species which the organism belongs to
What are the rules that are applied to the use of binomial system in scientific writing
Printed in italics or if handwritten underlined
First letter is upper case in generic name, but specific name is all lower case
If the specific name is not known it can be written as ‘sp’
how does courtship behaviour help to achieve successful mating and that offspring will survive
Recognise members of own species - ensuring that mating takes place between members of the same species because only members of the same species can produce fertile offspring
Identity a mate that is capable of breeding - because both partners need to be sexually mature, fertile and receptive to mating
Form a pair bond - that will lead to successful mating and raising of offspring
Synchronise mating - so that it takes place when there is the maximum probability of the sperm and egg meeting
Become able to breed - by bringing a member of the opposite sex into a physiological stare that allows breeding to occur
What’s classification
The grouping of an organism
What’s taxonomy
It is the theory and practice of biological classification
What are the 2 forms of biological classification
Artificial classification
Phylogenetic classification
Explain artificial classification
Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time. Such features may include colour, size, number of legs, leaf shape. These are described as analogous characteristics where they have the same function but do not have the same evolutionary origins
Explain phylogenetic classification
- based upon the evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
- classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
- arranges the groups into a hierarchy, in which the groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap
Relationships in a phylogenetic classification are partly based on homologous characteristics. Homologous characteristics have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their function in the adult of a species
What is the highest taxonomic rank and what are the 3 recognised
Domain
Bacteria, archae, eukarya
What’s the Order of taxonomic ranks
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
King Phillip came over from Germany swimming
What’s the bacteria group and what’s there features
Single felled prokaryotes
- the absence of membrane bounded organelles
- unicellular, although cells may occur in chains or clusters
- ribosomes as smaller (70s)
- cell walls are present and made up of murein
- single loop of naked dna made up of nucleic acids but no histones
What’s the archaea group and how do they differ to bacteria group
Single called prokaryotes that were originally classified as bacteria which they resemble in appearance
Their genes and protein synthesis are more similar to eukaryotes
Their membranes contain fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol by ether linkages
There is no murein in their cell walls
They have a more complex form of rna polymerase
What’s the eukarya group and what’s there features
Their cells possess membrane bounded organelles
They have membranes containing fatty acids attached to glycerol by ester linkages
Not all posses cells with a cell wall, but where they do it contains no murein
Ribosomes are larger (80s)
What are the 4 kingdoms in the eukarya domain
Protoctista, fungi, plantae, animilia
