Speciation and macroevolution

Question 1

speciation

Answer 1

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 2

allopatric speciation

Answer 2

two populations of the same species become isolated from each other due to geographic barriers

Question 3

sympatric speciation

Answer 3

two groups of the same species live in the same geographic location, but they evolve differently until they can no longer interbreed and are considered different species

Question 4

geographic isolation

Answer 4

Populations of a species are divided by a geographic barrier such as a river, canyon or mountain range. also habitat fragmentation and environmental disasters

Question 5

spatial isolation

Answer 5

species are separated by vast distances leading to allopatric speciation

Question 6

reproductive isolation

Answer 6

copulation is attempted, but transfer of sperm does not take place (perhaps due to genital incompatibility), or females not recognising a mating dance

Question 7

temporal isolation

Answer 7

when individuals do not mate because they are active at different times of day or in different seasons. This may be found in parapatric speciation

Question 8

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Answer 8

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Question 9

pre-mating isolation

Answer 9

a form of reproductive barrier that reduces the frequency of interspecific mating

Question 10

parapatric speciation

Answer 10

when populations are separated not by a geographical barrier, such as a body of water, but by an extreme change in habitat. While populations in these areas may interbreed, they often develop distinct characteristics and lifestyles.