Speciation Flashcards

1
Q

Species

A

Populations of individuals that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of a new species from existing species

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3
Q

Macroevolution

A

Forming of a new species

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4
Q

Reproductive isolation mechanisms

A

Any heritable feature of body, form, functioning, or behaviour that prevents breeding between one or more genetically divergent populations

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5
Q

Behavioural isolation

A

Prevents other species from recognizing or selecting them for mating

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6
Q

Temporal isolation

A

Two species that live in that same habitat or the same niche but have different mating seasons due to varying reproductive cycles

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7
Q

Ecological isolation

A

Two species that live in the same general area but in different habitats

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8
Q

Mechanical isolation

A

Structural differences in reproductive organs that prevent fertilization

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9
Q

Gametic isolation

A

If egg and sperm from 2 different species do happen to meet gametic isolation will ensure that zygote doesn’t form

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10
Q

Hybrid breakdown

A

Hybrid forms but when these hybrids mate their offspring are weak and sterile

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11
Q

Hybrid inviability

A

Development of hybrid zygote stops in early development and it dies before birth

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12
Q

Hybrid sterility

A

Cannot produce normal gametes

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13
Q

Types of speciation

A

allopatric, adaptive radiation, and sympatric speciation

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14
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Occurs when populations are separated by geographical barrier and diverge genetically

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15
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

The change of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species

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16
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Occurs when populations that live in the same habitat diverge genetically and become reproductively isolated

17
Q

How huamans impact evolution

A

Conversion of wilderness into cropland