Specialty Imaging and Venipuncture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the procedure that examines the CNS structures situated within the vertebral canal?

A

Myelogram

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2
Q

Most pathology and trauma occur in the ____ and ____ areas of the spine

A

Cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

What are some of the indications for a myelogram?

A
  • Extrinsic spinal cord compression caused by a herniated disk, bone fragment, cyst or tumor
  • Spinal cord swelling resulting from traumatic injury
  • Identifies narrowing of subarachnoid space
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4
Q

What are some of the contraindications for a myelogram?

A

Blood within CSF, arachnoiditis, increased intracranial pressure, recent lumbar puncture

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5
Q

What type of injection is used for a myelogram?

A

Intrathecal injection

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6
Q

Where is the contrast for a myelogram commonly injected?

A

L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace; also at cisterna magna between C1 and occipital bone

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7
Q

What are some common complications of a myelogram?

A

Headache, nausea/vomiting, seizure, allergic reaction, bleeding, infection

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8
Q

What is the name of the procedure for radiolgraphy of a joint or joints?

A

Arthogram

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9
Q

What are the most frquent sites for an arthogram to be performed?

A
  • Knee and shoulder

- Hip, wrist and TMJ

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10
Q

What are some common indications for a knee arthogram?

A

Tears of the joint capsule, menisci or ligatments (trauma); Baker’s cyst (nontrauma)

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11
Q

What are indications for a shoulder arthogram?

A
  • Evaluation of partial or complete tear in rotator cuff of glenoidal labrum
  • Persistent pain or weakness
  • Frozen shoulder
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12
Q

Where is the injection site for a shoulder arthogram?

A
  • 1/2 inch inferior and lateral to the coracoid process

- Spinal needle is used due to deep location of capsule

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13
Q

What is the name of the radiologic procedure that examines the nonpregnant uterus, accessory organs and vagina?

A

Hysterosalpangiogram (HSG)

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14
Q

What are some indications for an HSG?

A
  • Size, shape and position of uterus and uterine tubes
  • Delinate lesions (polyps, tumor masses or fistulous tracts)
  • Patency or uterine tubes
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15
Q

What are some contraindications for an HSG?

A

Pregnancy, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, active uterine bleeding

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16
Q

The HSG examination should be schedules approx ____ after the onset of menstruation.

A

7 to 10 days

17
Q

What position will the patient be placed in to facilitate the flow of contrast during an HSG?

A

Trendenlenburg

18
Q

Where should the contrast spill out into when performing an HSG

A

Peritoneal cavity

19
Q

How much contrast is used to fill the uterine cavity and how much is needed to fill the uterine tubes?

A

4 to 5 ml (additional 4 to 5 ml for uterine tube patency)

20
Q

In order to access an extremity for venipuncture on a patient with a prior mastectomy, what must one have to access the extermity involved in the lymph node removal?

A

Physician’s order

21
Q

What happens to the veins when a patient is apprehensive or is cold and fearful of the procedure?

A

The veins constrict and disappear making venipuncture more difficult

22
Q

What type of information must one obtain from a patient prior to the veinpuncture procedure?

A
  • Possible allergies
  • Current medications
  • Prior surgeries to include mastectomy with lymph node involvement
23
Q

What is the average range for the GFR, BUN and creatinine levels?

A
GFR = 90 to 130
BUN = 10 to 20 mg/dL
Creatinine = 0.05 to 1.2 mg/dL
24
Q

As the gauge of the needle increases, the diameter of the bore ___.

25
Which is larger an 18 gauge or a 22 gauge needle?
18 gauge
26
What are the components to a needle?
Hub - part that attaches to syringe Cannula/shaft - length of needle Bevel - slanted portion of needle tip
27
Where are the veins typically located for IV access for use in radiologic examinations?
Anterior forearm, posterior hand, antecubital space
28
Are you allowed to use the anterior wrist for starting an IV?
No, could damage radial nerve
29
Feet and legs for IV access require an order on all patients __ years and older
3
30
When applying the tourniquet, how far above the intended site of puncture must it be positioned?
6 to 8 inches
31
How much should the BP cuff be inflated if using it to secure a site for venipuncture?
60 to 80 mm/Hg
32
At what angle should the needle be placed when it is about to enter the skin's surface?
20 to 30 degrees
33
How many attempts should be made before the IV team needs to be called?
No more than 3 attempts
34
What is infiltration/extravasation?
- A process where fluid has passed into the tissue instead of the vein - The most common cause is needle displacement
35
What are some symptoms associated with a mild anaphylactic reaction?
Dizziness, shaking, altered taste, itching, pallor, flushing, chills, sweats, rash/hives, nasal stuffiness, swelling eyes/face, anxiety