Specialities

Question 1

Venous blood gas measures what? When should it be taken?

Answer 1

Lactate; consider with suspected sepsis

Question 2

Below what saturations should oxygen be given?

Answer 2

94%

Question 3

Systolic BP value of below what is an indication for fluid challenge with crystalloid?

Answer 3

90mmHg

Question 4

How do general anaesthetics work at neuron level?

Answer 4

Suppressing, via opening chloride channels leading to hyperpolarisation

Question 5

What effect do general anaesthetic agents have on sympathetic nerve activity?

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

General anaesthetic agents have what effect on tidal volume?

Answer 6

Decrease

Question 7

Propofol and thiopentone are administered via what method?

Answer 7

IV

Question 8

Halothane and desflurane are administered via what method?

Answer 8

Inhaled

Question 9

Low MAC of an inhaled general anaesthetic agent indicates what level of potency?

Answer 9

High

Question 10

Is fentanyl long or short acting?

Answer 10

Short

Question 11

Morphine and oxycodone are long or short acting?

Answer 11

Long

Question 12

Lidocaine is used as what type of anaesthetic agent?

Answer 12

Local

Question 13

How do local anaesthetic agents work at neuronal level?

Answer 13

Block sodium channels, hence preventing action potentials from propagating

Question 14

Oral numbness and tingling, visual disturbance and drowsiness are signs of what toxicity?

Answer 14

Local anaesthetic toxicity

Question 15

Chronic pain is described as pain lasting longer than?

Answer 15

3 months

Question 16

The gate theory of pain utilises what type of neurones as inhibition of the nociceptive signal?

Answer 16

A alpha and A beta fibres

Question 17

Amitriptyline is good for what type of pain?

Answer 17

Neuropathic

Question 18

Amitriptyline can have what kind of side effects?

Answer 18

Anti-cholinergic
- glaucoma, urinary retention

Question 19

Urinary retention is a side effect of what neuropathic pain medication?

Answer 19

Amitriptyline (TCA)

Question 20

Hypoxaemia + normocapnia signify what type of respiratory failure?

Answer 20

Type 1

Question 21

Hypercapnia indicates what type of respiratory failure?

Answer 21

Type 2

Question 22

Muscular disorders typically cause what type of respiratory failure?

Answer 22

Type 2

Question 23

Capillary refill time of over how many seconds is indicative for fluid therapy?

Answer 23

2 seconds

Question 24

Fluid resuscitation is achieved by how many mls of what kind of solution?

Answer 24

500ml of crystalloid
- over 20 minutes via 18G antecubital fossa cannula

Question 25

How many mls of fluid per day is required for maintenance fluid therapy?

Answer 25

25-30mls/kg/day

Question 26

How many mmol of sodium, potassium and chloride are required per day in fluid maintenance?

Answer 26

1mmol/kg/day

Question 27

How many grams of glucose are required per day to limit ketosis?

Answer 27

50-100g

Question 28

What is the recommended therapy for type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 28

BiPAP

Question 29

Which fluid should be used for resuscitation complicated by hyperkalaemia?

Answer 29

0.9% sodium chloride

Question 30

Severe dehydration should be treated with what fluid regime?

Answer 30

0.9% sodium chloride

Question 31

What does it mean if INR is too high?

Answer 31

Blood is clotting slowly and there is a risk of bleeding

Question 32

What is a normal INR level?

Answer 32

1.1 or below

Question 33

What reversal therapy should be given to patients on warfarin with a high INR?

Answer 33

IV vitamin K

Question 34

What assessment tool is used to assess and manage disruption to health in older people with frailty?

Answer 34

CGA

Question 35

Incontinence in a women with children is most likely what type?

Answer 35

Stress

Question 36

What is the first line management in stress incontinence?

Answer 36

Physiotherapy

Question 37

What medication can be used in stress incontinence?

Answer 37

Duloxetine

Question 38

Men with BPH most likely have what type of incontinence?

Answer 38

Overflow

Question 39

Tamsulosin and finasteride can be utilised in what type of incontinence?

Answer 39

Overflow

Question 40

Bladder stones can lead to what type of incontinence?

Answer 40

Urge

Question 41

What class of drugs is used in urge incontinence?

Answer 41

Anti-muscarinics - relax detrusor muscle

Question 42

Neuropathic bladder can be secondary to neurological disease or what?

Answer 42

Long term catheterisation

Question 43

Which scoring too can be used for delirium?

Answer 43

4AT

Question 44

Dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision and urinary retention are side effects of what class of drugs?

Answer 44

Anticholinergics

Question 45

Which cardiac medication is dangerous for use in the elderly?

Answer 45

Digoxin

Question 46

Epidural anaesthesia can have what effect on the patients blood pressure?

Answer 46

Hypotension

Question 47

Sepsis is characterised as SIRS + what?

Answer 47

Infection

Question 48

Visual hallucinations indicate which type of dementia?

Answer 48

Lewy body dementia