Specialised Cells (Flashcards 11-20)
- How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
It has a tail for movement, an acrosome with enzymes, mitochondria for energy, and a haploid nucleus.
- Describe the adaptations of an egg cell.
Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm, a haploid nucleus, and the membrane changes after fertilization to prevent other sperm from entering.
- What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?
Their cilia move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
- What is the acrosome in sperm cells?
It contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
- What does haploid mean?
A cell with half the usual number of chromosomes, found in gametes.
- Why do egg cells contain nutrients in the cytoplasm?
To provide energy and materials for the developing embryo after fertilization.
- What is the function of mitochondria in sperm cells?
They provide energy for the tail’s movement to reach the egg.
- Why are cilia important in epithelial cells?
They help keep airways clear by moving mucus out of the lungs.
- Define fertilization.
The fusion of a sperm and egg cell to form a zygote.
- What change happens in the egg cell membrane after fertilization?
It becomes impenetrable to prevent other sperm from entering.
