Key Concepts in Biology (Flashcards 1-10)
- What is a cell?
The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Define prokaryotic cell.
A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles; includes bacteria.
- Define eukaryotic cell.
A cell with a nucleus and other organelles that are enclosed within membranes; includes animal and plant cells.
- What is the function of the nucleus?
It controls cell activities and contains DNA.
- What are mitochondria responsible for?
They release energy through respiration, powering the cell’s activities.
- Describe the function of ribosomes.
They synthesize proteins by joining amino acids together.
- Describe the function of ribosomes.
They synthesize proteins by joining amino acids together.
- What additional structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.
- What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
It provides structure and protection for the cell.
- Describe the function of chloroplasts.
They contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, converting light energy into glucose.
- What is chromosomal DNA in bacteria?
It contains the genetic information of the bacterial cell.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are special PROTEINS that act as BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS, often breaking down molecules into shorter ones (polymers into monomers).
