specialised cells:animal cells

Question 1

what are the mammalian gametes

Answer 1

sperm and the egg

Question 2

what is differentiation

Answer 2

the process by which cells become specialised for a particular function from stem cells

Question 3

sperm cell- what is the undilipodium used for

Answer 3

movement to swim to the egg

Question 4

sperm-what does the haploid (23) nucleus contain and why

Answer 4

one set of chromosomes so full completement can be restored at fertilisation

Question 5

sperm- what does acrosome contain and why

Answer 5

contains enzymes to digest the outer layer of the egg

Question 6

sperm- why does it contain mitochondria

Answer 6

to provide the energy (from respiration) for movement

Question 7

egg- what does the haploid nucleus contain and why

Answer 7

half the chromosomes of a body cell because when the nucleus from the sperm fuses with the egg cell nucleus the full number of chris moles is restored at fertilisation

Question 8

egg- what are the cortical granules and what do they contain

Answer 8

a substance that helps to stop more than one sperm fertilising the egg

Question 9

egg- what is the zona pellucida and what is it used for

Answer 9

a jelly layer that stops more than one sperm fertilising the egg

Question 10

egg- what does the corona radiata supply

Answer 10

vital proteins

Question 11

egg- what is the cytoplasm full of

Answer 11

energy rich material

Question 12

white blood cells- what large organelle do they contain and where is it made in

Answer 12

nucleus and is made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes

Question 13

what is the function of white blood cells

Answer 13

to fight pathogens

Question 14

white blood cells- what do lymphocytes contain

Answer 14

T and B cells

Question 15

white blood cells- what do the T and B cells contain

Answer 15

an immunological memory

Question 16

white blood cells- where the T cells send signals to B cells what does it make the B ells do

Answer 16

produce antibodies

Question 17

white blood cells- what do the B cells proliferate

Answer 17

antibodies or memory cells

Question 18

white blood cells- what do the T cells destroy

Answer 18

infected or cancerous cells

Question 19

white blood cells- what are the commonest white blood cells called

Answer 19

neutrophils

Question 20

white blood cells- what does the nucleus of a neutrophil have

Answer 20

several lobes that are flexible and mobile

Question 21

white blood cells- what do the neutrophils squeeze between and three

Answer 21

between cells in the capillary walls and then travel to areas of infection

Question 22

white blood cells- neutrophils are .. which means that

Answer 22

phagocytic … they engulf pathogens and then destroy them

Question 23

red blood cells have no .. and why is this

Answer 23

nucleus .. so there is room for more haemoglobin

Question 24

what is haemoglobin

Answer 24

the protein that carries oxygen

Question 25

what are red blood ells shape

Answer 25

small,round and bacon cave discs

Question 26

what does the biconcave disc for red blood. cells optimise

Answer 26

their surface area to volume ratio

Question 27

what does the biconcave disc also allows for more

Answer 27

oxygen and c02 to diffuse into the haemoglobin and to squeeze them through narrow blood vessels e

Question 28

where are red blood cells made

Answer 28

in the bone marrow

Question 29

with red blood cells having no nucleus what does mean that they can’t do

Answer 29

divide

Question 30

what does red blood cells also have that also contain haemoglobin

Answer 30

cytoplasm