specialised cells:animal cells Flashcards
what are the mammalian gametes
sperm and the egg
what is differentiation
the process by which cells become specialised for a particular function from stem cells
sperm cell- what is the undilipodium used for
movement to swim to the egg
sperm-what does the haploid (23) nucleus contain and why
one set of chromosomes so full completement can be restored at fertilisation
sperm- what does acrosome contain and why
contains enzymes to digest the outer layer of the egg
sperm- why does it contain mitochondria
to provide the energy (from respiration) for movement
egg- what does the haploid nucleus contain and why
half the chromosomes of a body cell because when the nucleus from the sperm fuses with the egg cell nucleus the full number of chris moles is restored at fertilisation
egg- what are the cortical granules and what do they contain
a substance that helps to stop more than one sperm fertilising the egg
egg- what is the zona pellucida and what is it used for
a jelly layer that stops more than one sperm fertilising the egg
egg- what does the corona radiata supply
vital proteins
egg- what is the cytoplasm full of
energy rich material
white blood cells- what large organelle do they contain and where is it made in
nucleus and is made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes
what is the function of white blood cells
to fight pathogens
white blood cells- what do lymphocytes contain
T and B cells
white blood cells- what do the T and B cells contain
an immunological memory
white blood cells- where the T cells send signals to B cells what does it make the B ells do
produce antibodies
white blood cells- what do the B cells proliferate
antibodies or memory cells
white blood cells- what do the T cells destroy
infected or cancerous cells
white blood cells- what are the commonest white blood cells called
neutrophils
white blood cells- what does the nucleus of a neutrophil have
several lobes that are flexible and mobile
white blood cells- what do the neutrophils squeeze between and three
between cells in the capillary walls and then travel to areas of infection
white blood cells- neutrophils are .. which means that
phagocytic … they engulf pathogens and then destroy them
red blood cells have no .. and why is this
nucleus .. so there is room for more haemoglobin
what is haemoglobin
the protein that carries oxygen
what are red blood ells shape
small,round and bacon cave discs
what does the biconcave disc for red blood. cells optimise
their surface area to volume ratio
what does the biconcave disc also allows for more
oxygen and c02 to diffuse into the haemoglobin and to squeeze them through narrow blood vessels e
where are red blood cells made
in the bone marrow
with red blood cells having no nucleus what does mean that they can’t do
divide
what does red blood cells also have that also contain haemoglobin
cytoplasm
