Specialised Cells

Question 1

The function of a muscle cell is to….

Answer 1

Contract and cause movement or shape change.

Question 2

The muscle cell has the following specialisations to enable it to perform its function:

Answer 2

Long and thing so can form layers
Contains many mitochondria to release lots of energy
Contains fibres that can shorten

Question 3

Muscle cells are found in….

Answer 3

Parts of the body that require movement or changing shape

Question 4

What is the function of ciliates cells?

Answer 4

To move substances along the surfaces of passages

Question 5

Ciliates cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 5

Column shaped so can stack together and form a layer
Has tiny hairs called cilia that wave in one direction

Question 6

Ciliated cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 6

Column-shaped so can stack together to form a layer
Has tiny hairs called cilia that wave in one direction

Question 7

Where are ciliated cells found?

Answer 7

In passages that have substances that need moving along

Question 8

Where are ciliated cells found?

Answer 8

In passages that have substances that need moving along

Question 9

What is the function of root hair cells?

Answer 9

To absorb water and minerals form the soil

Question 10

Root hair cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 10

Hair-like extensions to provide a large surface area
No chloroplasts as they are not needed
Thin cell wall so that the cell is closer to the soil

Question 11

Where are root hair cells found?

Answer 11

On the outer surface of roots and plants

Question 12

What is the function of a Xylem cell?

Answer 12

To transport water and minerals up the plant.

Question 13

Xylem cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 13

Thick side cell walls for strength
No cytoplasm so that it is hollow
No end cell wall so that it is a continuous tube

Question 14

Where are Xylem cells found?

Answer 14

Throughout the plant as all plant cells need water

Question 15

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 15

They carry oxygen around the body for respiration

Question 16

Red blood cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 16

The contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen molecules
They don’t have a nucleus, allowing more space to carry oxygen
They area flat disc shape with dips on both sides (biconcave). This gives them a large surface area and the best chance of absorbing as much oxygen as possible.

Question 17

Where are red blood cells found?

Answer 17

They are found all around the body where oxygen is needed.

Question 18

How many types of muscle cells are there and what are they?

Answer 18

3:
Heart muscle (cardiac)
Smooth muscle cells
Skeletal muscle

Question 19

What is the function of nerve cells?

Answer 19

To transmit electrical signals in the nervous system

Question 20

Nerve cells have the following specialisations to enable it to perform this function:

Answer 20

They are thin and can be more than one meter long in your spinal cord. This allows them to carry messages up and down the body over large distances very quickly
Nerve cells have branched connections at each end. These join to other nerve cells, allowing them to pass messages
They have a fatty (myelin) sheath that surrounds the. The fatty sheath increases the speed at which the message can travel

Question 21

Where are the nerve cells found?

Answer 21

They are found al around your body but specifically your brain and spinal cord

Question 22

What is the function of the heart muscle?

Answer 22

To contract and relax to pump blood around our bodies

Question 23

What is the function of smooth muscle cells?

Answer 23

To make up thin sheets of muscle, such as the stomach lining.

Question 24

What is the function of skeletal muscles?

Answer 24

To contract and make bones move and joints bend