Special Topic Flashcards
Gender Gap
In US how many percentage of women are in managerial position.
40%
Gender Gap
Out of 500 companies with titles such as chairman, president, chief executive officer, and chief operating officer. How many percent are women in those position? How many CEO?
Only 6% of women are in those positions. And 2% are CEO
Gender Gap
How many female CEO are there in Fortune magazine’s Global?
500
a political term used to describe “the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements.
Glass Ceiling
One reason for the scarcity of women in upper echelons of organizations may be women’s motivation to lead. A meta-analysis of 51 studies concluded that although only slightly different, men are more motivated than women to obtained leadership roles.
Motivation to Lead
occurs when knowledge of a salient negative stereotype (e.g., women aren’t good leaders) causes the stigmatized individual to fear confirming the stereotype.
Stereotype Threat
What would reduce stereotype threat?
The effects of exposure to more women in stereotypical leadership positions may reduce stereotype threat. Therefore as more women obtained upper level leadership positions, stereotype threat may be minimized in the future.
1) perceiving women less favorably than men as potential occupants of leadership roles
>One consequence is that attitudes are less positive toward female leaders than male leaders and potential leaders.
2) evaluating behavior that fulfills the prescriptions of a leader role less favorably when it is enacted by a woman.
>Other consequences are that it is more difficult for women to become leaders and to achieve success in leadership roles.
Implicit Leadership Theory
Leadership effectiveness
Men
Women
Male leaders are more effective when their role was regarded as more masculine and when the majority of their subordinates were male (i.e. military setting).
Women performed better when the leadership role was defined as more feminine (required interpersonal ability).
Leadership Behaviour
Women
Men
Women are more democratic than autocratic and are perceived by followers as more transformational (across all components, with the difference being the greatest for individualized consideration) and less transactional then men.
While men are more likely to hold and retain leadership positions, women are more likely to engage in leadership behaviors that lead to positive organizational outcomes.
Double Blind dilemma
Women are perceived as too soft or too tough but never just right.
Extreme Perception
Double Blind dilemma
Women leaders are perceived as competent or liked, but rarely both.
Competent but dislike
Double Blind dilemma
Women leaders face higher standards and lower rewards than men leaders. People evaluate behaviors that fulfills the prescriptions of a leader role (agentic) less favorably when it is enacted by a woman.
The high competence Threshold
the incompatible demands between the work and family roles of an individual that makes participation in both roles more difficult.
Work Family Conflict
