Special tests

Question 1

Kernig’s sign

Answer 1

• Patient supine
• flex hip and knee to 90. Extend the knee.

Positive = causes pain and increased resistance to extending the knee;

-suggests meningeal irritation

Question 2

Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 2

Meningeal irritation test

• Patient is supine.
• Flex head to chest.

Positive = flexion of hips and knees with neck flexion

Question 3

Bunnel-Littler test

Answer 3

joint restriction test for MCP

Question 4

tight retinacular test

Answer 4

for PIP

Question 5

Froment’s sign

Answer 5

ulner nerve dysfunction